“…This undetectable damage can continuously grow in the subsequent use, leading to a decline in mechanical properties and potential failure [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Three-dimensional woven composites can effectively overcome the delamination behavior depending on the through-thickness binder yarns in comparison with traditional laminated composites, and their impact resistance and damage tolerance are improved [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Comparative studies on the impact resistance of 2D and 3D woven composites show that 3D woven composites can absorb more impact energy, producing a smaller pit depth and damage area, and their delamination length and opening are less than those of 2D woven composites due to the suppression of z-yarns [ 21 ].…”