Forensic Analysis in Wildlife Crime Cases: Microscopy, DNA Profiling and Isotope Analysis

Abstract

Illegal wildlife trade is one of the biggest threats to the environment and biodiversity. The growing volume of illegal trade in wildlife jeopardizes all the conservation efforts across the globe. Many species have become extinct due to the illegal wildlife trade and many have reached the verge of extinction. According to some estimates, the monetary values of the illegal wildlife trade are estimated to be several billion US dollars. To deal with wildlife crime cases, it becomes imperative to have a sound knowledge of the techniques required in the analysis of wildlife crime exhibits. In this chapter, we have outlined the three frequently used techniques in wildlife forensics viz. microscopy, DNA and isotope analysis for addressing the problems of species and individual identification, and additionally identification of the geographical origin of a wildlife sample. The basic essentials of these techniques have been discussed in this chapter.

The role of ecogenomics in environmental and forensic discoveries

“…This can help investigators build stronger cases against wildlife criminals who may be involved in multiple incidents. Ecogenomics can establish a genetic database of individuals or populations, which can be used to trace the origin of seized wildlife products back to specific populations (Sahajpal et al, 2021). This traceability helps investigators understand the routes of illegal trade and target key areas for enforcement.…”