Forensic analysis of cigarette filter using non-destructive ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric methods

Sharma, Akanksha; Sharma, Vishal

doi:10.1016/j.forc.2023.100465

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The weak peak at 1637 cm −1 indicates the δ(O-H) bending vibrations of OH and absorbed water by the cellulose precursor. In addition, high-intensity peaks at 1213 cm −1 were ascribed to the stretching vibrations of the acetyl ester group [ 44 ], while the broad strong band at 1030 cm −1 , and weak signals at 1161 cm −1 and 1120 cm −1 , appeared to be ν(C-O) asymmetric/symmetric stretching vibrations of ether groups [ 45 ]. The intensity at wavenumber positions of 899 cm −1 and 839 cm −1 were characteristics of C-O-H out-of-plane banding and β -glucosidic bonds, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose acetate (CAc), due to the modifications of cellulose, has a large degree of acetate substitution (more or less ~2. 45), and this increases the filtering efficacy but strictly limits its biodegrading potential. Namely, the chemical action makes CAc inaccessible to microbial decomposition, and, thus, the current product is only photodegradable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization

Janković,

Kojić,

Milošević

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Thermo-chemical conversion via the pyrolysis of cigarette butt (CB) filters was successfully valorized and upcycled in the pre-carbonization and carbonization stages. The pre-carbonization stage (devolatilization) of the precursor material (cellulose acetate filter, r-CAcF) was analyzed by micro-scale experiments under non-isothermal conditions using TG-DTG-DTA and DSC techniques. The results of a detailed kinetic study showed that the decomposition of r-CAcF takes place via complex mechanisms, including consecutive reaction steps and two single-step reactions. Consecutive stages include the α-transition referred to as a cellulose polymorphic transformation (cellulose I → II) through crystallization mechanism changes, where a more thermodynamically ordered system was obtained. It was found that the transformation rate of cellulose I → II (‘cellulose regeneration’) is strongly affected by the presence of alkali metals and the deacetylation process. Two single-step reactions showed significant overlapping behavior, which involves a nucleation-controlled scission mechanism (producing levoglucosan, gaseous products, and abundant radicals) and hydrolytic decomposition of cellulose by catalytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds with the presence of an acidic catalyst. A macro-scale experiment showed that the operating temperature and heating rate had the most notable effects on the total surface area of the manufactured carbon. A substantial degree of mesoporosity with a median pore radius of 3.1695 nm was identified. The presence of macroporosity on the carbon surface and acidic surface functional groups was observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%