Forensic analysis of explosives using ion chromatographic methods

McCord, Bruce; Hargadon, Kelly A.; Hall, K.; Burmeister, Steven G.

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)85115-8

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Such performance characteristics compare favorably with those common to chip-based direct-contact conductivity detectors, 17 ' ls and classical CZE-indirect UV detection. 2 (6)]. The assay has been carried out using separation potentials of +500 V cm-1 and -500 V cm-1 for cations and anions, respectively (with switching from +500 to -500 V upon completing the cation analysis in connection to a 2 s anion loading (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of potential interferences from non-target co-existing ions, it is desired to use the entire electrophoregram for fingerprint identification of the bomb used in each incident. 2 An effective analysis of pre-and post-explosive residues requires separation of co-existing potassium and ammonium cations. These ions commonly present in explosive samples, have similar mobilities, and hence similar migration times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of specific ions, such as ammonium, methylammonium, potassium, sodium, perchlorate, chloride or nitrate is often crucial for the proper identification of explosives and their residues at terrorist or crime scenes. [1][2][3][4] The ionic components of the post-blast residue often reflect the original composition of the corresponding explosive device. 2 Such inorganic explosives and explosive residues are commonly analyzed using laboratory-based ion-' chromatography or capillary-electrophoresis systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] The ionic components of the post-blast residue often reflect the original composition of the corresponding explosive device. 2 Such inorganic explosives and explosive residues are commonly analyzed using laboratory-based ion-' chromatography or capillary-electrophoresis systems. [2][3][4][5] For example, McCord et al 2 demonstrated the forensic analysis of bomb residue by capillary electrophoresis (CE) separating eight low-explosive components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Such inorganic explosives and explosive residues are commonly analyzed using laboratory-based ion-' chromatography or capillary-electrophoresis systems. [2][3][4][5] For example, McCord et al 2 demonstrated the forensic analysis of bomb residue by capillary electrophoresis (CE) separating eight low-explosive components. Unfortunately, these laboratorybased methods are not field portable techniques, nor can they analyze relevant samples within extremely short (< 1 min) time scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A chip-based capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity microsystem for fast measurements of low-explosive ionic components

Wang

Pumera

Collins

et al. 2002

Analyst

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A miniaturized analytical system for separating and detecting inorganic explosive residues, based on the coupling of a micromachined capillary electrophoresis (CE) chip with a contactless conductivity detector is described. The low electroosmotic flow (EOF) of the poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) chip material facilitates the rapid switching between analyses of cations and anions using the same microchannel and run buffer (and without an EOF modifier), and hence offers rapid ( < 1 min) measurement of seven explosive-related cations and anions. Experimental parameters relevant to the separation and detection processes have been optimized. Addition of a 18-crown-6 ether modifier has been used for separating the peaks of co-migrating potassium and ammonium ions. The ionic-explosive microchip system combines the distinct advantages of contactless conductivity detection with the attractive features of plastic CE microchips. The new microsystem offers great promise for monitoring explosive-related ions at the sample source, with significant advantages of speed/warning, efficiency, cost, or sample size.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A chip-based capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity microsystem for fast measurements of low-explosive ionic components

Wang

Pumera

Collins

et al. 2002

Analyst

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Identification of Improvised Inorganic Explosive Devices by Analysis of Postblast Residues Using Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis

Hutchinson

Johns

Dicinoski

et al. 2008

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Chemical analysis of the residues from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has become a topical subject as a result of increased frequency of terrorist bomb attacks. There is a need to identify the type of explosive device and its composition, which in turn can assist in the identification of the perpetrators. IEDs can either be organic based (high explosives) or the more easily produced inorganic‐based low explosives. Analysis of residues remaining after the deflagration of an inorganic IEDs presents several problems. A wide variety of ionic species may be present (such as unconsumed starting products, ionic species formed as part of the reaction) along with environmental or background species. Therefore, it is important that the target ions used to identify the device can be separated from other background ions present in the sample. The instrumental techniques of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and ion chromatography (IC) are proving to be ideally suited to this task. Both techniques have fundamental advantages, with CE offering highly efficient separations within a short run time, and IC offering high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In this article, an outline of the analytical methods used in this area is presented, with particular focus on the application of CE and IC. A brief literature review of published methods is provided, along with background information on inorganic explosives, sampling techniques, portable instrumentation, and recent developments.

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Identification of Improvised Inorganic Explosive Devices by Analysis of Postblast Residues Using Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis

Hutchinson¹,

Johns²,

Dicinoski³

et al. 2020

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical analysis of the residues from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has become a topical subject as a result of increased frequency of terrorist bomb attacks. There is a need to identify the type of explosive device and its composition, which in turn can assist in the identification of the perpetrators. IEDs can either be organic based (high explosives) or the more easily produced inorganic‐based low explosives. Analysis of residues remaining after the deflagration of an inorganic IED presents several problems. A wide variety of ionic species may be present (such as unconsumed starting products, ionic species formed as part of the reaction) along with environmental or background species. Therefore, it is important that the target ions used to identify the device can be separated from other background ions present in the sample. The instrumental techniques of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and ion chromatography (IC) are proving to be ideally suited to this task. Both techniques have fundamental advantages, with CE offering highly efficient separations within a short run time, and IC offering high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In this article, an outline of the analytical methods used in this area is presented, with a particular focus on the application of CE and IC. A brief literature review of published methods is provided, along with background information on inorganic explosives, sampling techniques, portable instrumentation, and recent developments.

show abstract

Forensic analysis of explosives using ion chromatographic methods

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

A chip-based capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity microsystem for fast measurements of low-explosive ionic components

A chip-based capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity microsystem for fast measurements of low-explosive ionic components

Identification of Improvised Inorganic Explosive Devices by Analysis of Postblast Residues Using Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis

Identification of Improvised Inorganic Explosive Devices by Analysis of Postblast Residues Using Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis

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