Forensic Analysis of Oxidation Embrittlement in Failed HDPE Potable Water Pipes

Duvall, Donald E.; Edwards, Dale B.

doi:10.1061/41138(386)63

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Compared to engineering plastics, it has lower thermal and mechanical properties, such as tensile stress and flexural and compressive strength. Compared to high-molecular-weight PE, it is more rigid, and its resistance to continuous shock is therefore lower [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Properties Of Higher-order Guided Wave Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation and Reception of Higher-Order Guided Lamb Wave’s A1 and S1 Modes in Plastic and Composite Materials

2022

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Contemporary technologies are employing composite plate materials developed by using various innovative materials (nanostructures, mica structures, etc.). Application of higher-order modes could allow better detection and characterization of defects characteristic of planar plastic and composite structures, mainly due to shorter wavelength. However, excitation of higher-order modes meets many problems, especially in the case of the air-coupled technique, and is not sufficiently investigated. This is relevant in the cases of paper, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), membranes, GFRP, GLARE, CFRP and other composite structures. The objective of the paper was investigation of the excitation and reception of higher-order guided Lamb wave modes in plastic and composite plates. Therefore, it is appropriate to develop new non-contact ultrasonic measurement methods based on the excitation and reception of guided waves for the study of such objects. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the possibility to excite and receive efficiently different higher-order guided Lamb wave modes with very different phase velocities. The presented comparison of the experimental results with the simulation results showed a good agreement. The combination of air-coupled excitation and non-contact reception enables a non-destructive evaluation and characterization of moving plastic objects and composite structures.

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Section: Properties Of Higher-order Guided Wave Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation and Reception of Higher-Order Guided Lamb Wave’s A1 and S1 Modes in Plastic and Composite Materials

2022

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“…In this way, catastrophic failures of devices/structures, which can strongly affect the natural environment, can be avoided. Previous and current diagnostic methods for plastic pipes include different NDT (non-destructive testing) techniques such as visual inspection, acoustic emission, laser scanning or radiography [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciting and Detecting Higher-Order Guided Lamb Wave Modes in High-Density Polyethylene Structures Using Ultrasonic Methods

Šeštokė,

Jasiūnienė,

Šliteris

et al. 2023

Materials

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are becoming increasingly popular, being used in various fields, such as construction, marine, petroleum, water transfer, process water, methane gas collection, oil and gas gathering, gas distribution systems, mining, acid and wet gas lines, offshore oil and gas and in nuclear power plants. Higher-order guided Lamb wave (UGW) modes can be used to detect various defects in complex structures. We will apply this methodology to one of the types of plastic—the structure of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). However, the excitation of UGW modes faces numerous challenges, especially when there is a need to identify which mode is excited. It is essential to note that, in the higher frequency range, multiple different higher-order modes can usually be excited. This can make it difficult to determine which modes have actually been excited. The objective of this research was to successfully excite and receive various higher-order UGW modes in high-density polyethylene structures using both ultrasonic single-element transducers and a phased array. Theoretical calculations were performed using a variety of methods: semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method, 2D spatial–temporal spectrum analysis and finite element modeling (FEM). The results obtained from both measurements and simulations clearly demonstrate the possibility of efficiently exciting and receiving different Lamb wave modes possessing different phase velocities.

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“…The material degradation over time is a common problem in pipe networks, as it causes loss of structural integrity, which can lead to severe catastrophic failures. For example, the two largest water utilities in the world, Veolia environment and Suez environment, experienced severe HDPE pipe system failures due to degradation that caused a premature failure by chemically induced embrittlement [3]. Veolia and Suez also examined samples of HDPE pipes in service around the…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Inspection of High Density Polyethylene Pipe Systems

Lowe

Lais²,

Paruchuri

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The structural integrity assessment of thermoplastic pipes has become an interesting area of research due to its elevated usage in the liquid/gas transportation industry. Ultrasonic guided wave testing has gained higher attention from industry for the inspection of elongated structures due to the reduced inspection time and cost associated with conventional non-destructive testing techniques, e.g., ultrasonic testing, radiography, and visual inspection. Current research addresses the inspection of thermoplastic pipes using ultrasonic guided waves as a low cost and permanently installed structural health-monitoring tool. Laboratory and numerical investigations were conducted to study the potential of using ultrasonic guided waves to assess the structural health of thermoplastic pipe structures in order to define optimum frequency range for inspection, array design, and length of inspection. In order to achieve a better surface contact, flexible Macro-Fiber Composite transducers were used in this investigation, and the Teletest® Focus+ system was used as the pulser/receiver. Optimum frequency range of inspection was at 15−25 kHz due to the level of attenuation at higher frequencies and the larger dead zone at lower frequencies due to the pulse length. A minimum of 14 transducers around the circumference of a 3 inch pipe were required to suppress higher order flexural modes at 16 kHz. According to the studied condition, 1.84 m of inspection coverage could be achieved at a single direction for pulse-echo, which could be improved by using a higher number of transducers for excitation and using pitch-catch configuration.

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Forensic Analysis of Oxidation Embrittlement in Failed HDPE Potable Water Pipes

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Excitation and Reception of Higher-Order Guided Lamb Wave’s A1 and S1 Modes in Plastic and Composite Materials

Excitation and Reception of Higher-Order Guided Lamb Wave’s A1 and S1 Modes in Plastic and Composite Materials

Exciting and Detecting Higher-Order Guided Lamb Wave Modes in High-Density Polyethylene Structures Using Ultrasonic Methods

Application of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Inspection of High Density Polyethylene Pipe Systems

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