Forensic assessment of HP14 classification of waste: evaluation of two standards for preparing water extracts from solid waste to be tested in aquatic bioassays

Pivato, Alberto; Beggio, Giovanni; Raga, Roberto; Soldera, Valentina

doi:10.1080/15275922.2019.1630517

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Further, the particle and bulk density together with granulometry were determined in lab by the authors on 4 additional waste samples: plastic shreds from waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated at a treatment facility located in France (Hennebert, 2020); automotive shredder residue (ASR) produced by a private plant treating end-of-life vehicles for metal recovery located in central Italy and previously analysed (Pivato et al, 2019); 50mm undersieve bottom ashes (BA), collected after metal separation at the output from an incinerator located in France recovering heat from the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste; recovered aggregate (RA), derived from the of a mix of bottom ash from incinerated municipal waste, construction and demolition waste and foundry slags from a treatment plant located in the north-east part of Italy.…”

Section: Wastes Characterization Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to calculate the size of representative waste samples based on particles size

Beggio

Hennebert

2022

Detritus

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A novel approach to determine the size of samples of granular wastes is proposed, forwarding the concept of the “number of particles”, as previously introduced by the authors. To be representative with a minimum error, it was demonstrated that at least 100 particles showing the presence of the measurand, shall be collected in the sample. Waste particles are usually characterized by size-concentration relationships. However, in waste sampling standards they are not explicitly considered when estimating the size of the sample. In this context, this paper extends this requirement to the number of particles “rare is size”, belonging to the less represented size fraction in the waste to be characterized. The number of particles is then transformed into a mass by a formulation that avoids using unrealistic assumptions on particles features. Results derived from the application of the two formulations on 5 different types of waste show that their equivalency relies on how similar are, the proportions of particles rare in concentration and rare in size in the batch to analyse. Here, preliminary knowledge on particles physical features and distribution of the measurand is key to derive coherent values for mass of samples. Finally, the need to perform on-site size reduction is discussed for cases where the application of both the conventional and novel approaches could have leaded to unpractical management of too large-sized waste samples.

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Section: Wastes Characterization Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to calculate the size of representative waste samples based on particles size

Beggio

Hennebert

2022

Detritus

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“…Heavy Metals) compared to OECD Documents nr. 23 and 29, when applied on the same ASR samples (Pivato et al, 2019). In this situation, a water extract should likely be considered more relevant to aquatic organism when derived applying the lower L/S ratio as practically feasible (Van der Sloot et al, 1997, Van der Sloot andDijkstra, 2004).…”

Section: Test Samples Preparation -Leaching Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the requirements laid down in EN 12457-2 results in a more operative process to prepare a representative test portion (i.e. less efforts for both size reduction and subsampling) (Pivato et al, 2019). Finally, chemical and ecotoxicological characterization conducted on eluates identically derived allow an integrated assessment (Van der Sloot and Dijkstra, 2004).…”

Section: Test Samples Preparation -Leaching Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of a Testing Program for the Hp14 (Ecotoxic) Classification of Automotive Shredder Residues (Asr) by a Battery of Ecotoxicological Bioassays

et al. 2020

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This manuscript describes a full procedure to be used in performing HP 14 classification of Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR). Sampling instructions and conditions for the transport and storage of ASR samples are included. Additionally, the steps to be followed in preparation of test portions (both solid samples and water extracts) prior to chemical characterization and subsequent ecotoxicological testing are defined. The established test battery includes all bioassays proposed in Pandard and Römbke (2013). Only aquatic bioassays are proposed as mandatory in this paper, which leaves the possibility of performing tests on terrestrial organisms based on the results of chemical characterization of the solid samples. Finally, the proposed set of concentration limits triggering HP 14 classification is fully consistent with thresholds described by Hennebert (2018a).

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“…In this case, such test reactions of earthworms are used as survival, reproduction. Earlier, we also proposed to evaluate the toxicity of soil samples by the thickness of the coprolite layer formed in the process of vermit transformation by worms of the substrate [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological approaches to assessing the toxicity of compounds by changing the behavioral response of soil oligochaetes

Стом

Gelman

Антонова

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The methodological aspects of assessing the toxicity of surface-active substances (SAS) by changing the behavioral response of avoiding the substrate by earthworms Eisenia fetida andrei Bouche, 1972 were studied. The conditions for biotesting were selected, under which the method is more sensitive to the tested pollutants. In this method, 30 worms. placed in a Petri dish with a substrate unfavorable for worms (dry sand). Around it, Petri dishes with test samples of moistened sand contaminated with individual toxicants in various concentrations and their mixtures were placed radially. A control sample (wet sand) was also placed among the prototypes. When the worms selected the most favorable of the tested contaminated substrate samples, their movement from dry sand was observed. After 4 h from the start of the experiment, the number of worms in each of the compartments was counted. The toxic effect of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was manifested when its content in the soil sample was from 0.001 g / kg; nonionic surfactant Tween-80 – from 1 ml / kg; anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate – from 20 mg / kg.

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Forensic assessment of HP14 classification of waste: evaluation of two standards for preparing water extracts from solid waste to be tested in aquatic bioassays

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

A novel method to calculate the size of representative waste samples based on particles size

A novel method to calculate the size of representative waste samples based on particles size

Proposal of a Testing Program for the Hp14 (Ecotoxic) Classification of Automotive Shredder Residues (Asr) by a Battery of Ecotoxicological Bioassays

Methodological approaches to assessing the toxicity of compounds by changing the behavioral response of soil oligochaetes

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