Forensic DNA Analysis and Statistics

Schanfield, Moses S.; Primorac, Dragan; Marjanović, Damir

doi:10.1201/b16512-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…DNA profiles obtained from collected skeletal remains as well as reference samples were compared in order to estimate familiar relationships; to calculate paternity, maternity, and sibling indexes; and also to calculate matching probability which was made according to the previously used statistical approach , using Microsoft Office Excel‐based file, internally created and validated by the Laboratory for Forensic Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. Matching probability threshold was 99.9%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of the latest technologies of genomic (both autosomal and germ line) and mitochondrial DNA analysis has provided an extremely efficient forensic tool for human identification. Moreover, DNA analysis has become a method used for validation/rejection of the results obtained through the previous analyses, even in cases where the level of recognition and the possibility of identification of the body were relatively good . However, due to the rapid decay of the bodies, long time span, or other circumstances, forensic experts often rely exclusively on the analysis of DNA from skeletal or dental remains for the purpose of identification of the victims of war or mass disasters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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DNA Identification of Commingled Human Remains from the Cemetery Relocated by Flooding in Central Bosnia and Herzegovina

Čakar

Pilav

Džehverović

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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ABSTRACT:The floods in Bosnia and Herzegovina in May 2014 caused landslides all over the country. In the small village of Serici, near the town of Zenica, a landslide destroyed the local cemetery, relocated graves, and commingled skeletal remains. As the use of other physical methods of identification (facial recognition, fingerprint analysis, dental analysis, etc.) was not possible, DNA analysis was applied. DNA was isolated from 20 skeletal remains (bone and tooth samples) and six reference samples (blood from living relatives) and amplified using PowerPlex â Fusion and PowerPlex â Y23 kits. DNA profiles were generated for all reference samples and 17 skeletal remains. A statistical analysis (calculation of paternity, maternity, and sibling indexes and matching probabilities) resulted in 10 positive identifications. In this study, 5 individuals were identified based on one reference sample. This has once again demonstrated the significance of DNA analysis in resolving the most complicated cases, such as the identification of commingled human skeletal remains.KEYWORDS: forensic science, DNA identification, skeletal remains, floods, landslides Identification of victims of mass disasters (wars, plane crashes, natural disasters) is usually challenging because large numbers of bodies are often found together at the same time and premortem information is not always available (1). The development of the latest technologies of genomic (both autosomal and germ line) and mitochondrial DNA analysis has provided an extremely efficient forensic tool for human identification. Moreover, DNA analysis has become a method used for validation/ rejection of the results obtained through the previous analyses, even in cases where the level of recognition and the possibility of identification of the body were relatively good (2). However, due to the rapid decay of the bodies, long time span, or other circumstances, forensic experts often rely exclusively on the analysis of DNA from skeletal or dental remains (3) for the purpose of identification of the victims of war or mass disasters.DNA analysis plays an important role in identifying human remains from mass graves and mass fatality incidents (4-6), and this powerful forensic tool is recognized as the most reliable method for human skeletal remains identification. The major advantage of DNA testing is the identification of almost each and every portion of the remains recovered from the disaster site or mass graves. On the other hand, small quantities of DNA and/or degraded DNA material found can often complicate DNA analysis and the interpretation by the laboratory (7). In such cases, mtDNA, miniSTRs, and STR markers located on Y and X chromosomes offer good solutions (8). Also, multiplex STR kits that are available on the market today are responsive to small amounts of DNA and less sensitive to the presence of different inhibitors.Torrential rain in mid-May 2014 brought upon intense flooding in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Floods affected a quarter of the country's territory, activated...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

DNA Identification of Commingled Human Remains from the Cemetery Relocated by Flooding in Central Bosnia and Herzegovina

Čakar

Pilav

Džehverović

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Recent Techniques Based on the Utilization of Dna and Autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Identifying Humans

Khatoon

2019

GJMS

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The biological samples used in forensics can contain DNA which is highly fragmented as a consequence of exposure to any of the numerous degrading factors. Analysis of the sequence or size of the products of Polymerase chain reaction is at present responsible for the analysis of remains of humans in forensics. Despite the effectiveness of protocols based on PCR, there are certain limitations that are presented by the low numbers of copies of the template and the variations that are imposed by the decaying process to the template. The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene. This study provides an exploration of the applicability of autosomal SNPs for the identification of humans at crime scene. This would fill the gap present in the current literature regarding the significance of autosomal SNPs in the identification of humans during crime scene investigation. It will also enable the identification of the criminals involved in several types of the crimes ranging from general theft to rape and sexual assault, murder, and robberies. It will also allow the identification of dead bodies in cases where it is difficult to identify the dead person due to unrecognizable condition of the body. This study will facilitate the improvement of the investigation of crime scene investigators. It will provide a significant way for the incorporation of recent techniques of the molecular genetics into forensics. Reduction in the workload of the crime scene investigators would also occur through the implementation of outcomes of this study into the field of forensic science. There are several studies which have demonstrated the applicability of SNPs in forensic investigations for identifying the humans at crime scene. Several effective and efficient technological systems have been developed by the researchers which are capable of performing analysis of biological samples containing degraded DNA because SNPs can be obtained from these samples. Physical characteristics of the individuals can be predicted through the analysis of SNPs. This can provide significant information about the color of eye, hair and skin of the individuals involved in crime.

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Forensic DNA Analysis and Statistics

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

DNA Identification of Commingled Human Remains from the Cemetery Relocated by Flooding in Central Bosnia and Herzegovina

DNA Identification of Commingled Human Remains from the Cemetery Relocated by Flooding in Central Bosnia and Herzegovina

Recent Techniques Based on the Utilization of Dna and Autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Identifying Humans

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