Forensic experts' perceptions of expert bias

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Most theories and studies of decision making are a-developmental. However, there is ample evidence that there are differences in behavior on many decision-making tasks between children and adults. This article asserts that within adults there are differences in behavior on many decision-making tasks and discusses investment as a decisionmaking task where differences in adult behavior can be analyzed. It presents an argument that stage theory can predict investment behavior. The major properties of investment behavior are (a) how many variables a person can look at and (b) whether a person can compare systems and understand that regulations are incomplete and not consistent. We propose that the rational theories of investing fail because most economic theories assume perfectly rational players in the market place. One of the major reasons that private investors do terribly in managing and investing money is the inadequate stage development of the investors on the task of investing.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stages of investing generated using the model of hierarchical complexity.

Commons¹,

Thexton²

2015

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“…nents of what OHC was measuring (Commons, Miller, Li, & Gutheil, 2012). Models of behavioral economic models of decision making (Herrnstein, 1970;Rachlin, 1995) also may serve as an example.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Universal Models Such As Mhc As a Bridge A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the differences between social and behavioral science.

Adhikari¹

2016

Even though social science and behavioral science are interconnected and both study behaviors, there are some noteworthy differences between the two fields at the level of scientific analysis of behavior. In this article, a definition of social science is put forward as the study of relationships between macro type variables, like culture and society, and micro type variables such as how people behave. Behavioral science, on the other hand, is the organized study of human and animal behavior through controlled systematic structure. The differences in the fields pertaining to contextual manipulation, operationalization and creation of variables are discussed. Factor analysis has been suggested as potential solution for social science research. Model of Hierarchical Complexity (MHC) as the potential bridge between the 2 fields is discussed. Social science can expand its social value by adapting behavioral science research models. Furthermore, behavioral science needs to expand its scope to take on social science issues.

“…Be-cause the task of evaluating these items requires a very high stage, items on the factor 3 loaded less than the items on the first two factors. In Commons, Miller, Li, and Gutheil (2012), they were also rated to be less biasing than the items in factors 1 and 2. Each item will be analyzed in the following:…”

Section: Metasystematic Order 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Order of hierarchical complexity (“stage”) of items used to measure forensic experts’ perceptions of expert bias predicts the amount of bias.

Commons¹

2015

Self Cite

This article will show that developmental stage will account for the biasing value of items used to test expert witness bias. Bias is usually thought of as a dependent variable to be described and predicted. In the simplest sense, bias represents a deviation from having a neutral value ascribed to a choice. It therefore represents value. In psychology and economics it is a choice-outcome-related dependent variable that alters the rating or probability of an action. Hence it belongs to the Behavioral Economics "value/ reinforcement" paradigm. In behavioral economics, all bias reflects the probability of making a response (or the tendency to make a response) based on perceived value of the outcome. The more often one does something that has a positive outcome, the higher the value of doing it. This is true whether an expert is aware of this effect or not. Stage of development is usually thought of as also a dependent variable, but here it will be used as an independent variable to predict bias.