Forensic odontology as a humanitarian tool

Smitha, T; Sheethal, H S; Hema, K N; Franklin, Richard

doi:10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_249_18

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Dental modifications, whether for therapeutic or non-therapeutic purposes, are an important component in aiding the estimation of identity via dental means and play a crucial role in forensic dentistry [14,15]. This research contributes to our knowledge of intentional dental modification in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Intentional Dental Modifications in the African Population

Kgabi,

Manica,

Pandey

2024

Oral

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(1) This research paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of the existing scientific literature on intentional dental modifications within the African population. By synthesizing and analysing studies, this paper aims to shed light on the prevalence, cultural significance, and forensic implications of intentional dental modifications. (2) A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA for Scoping Reviews and a search performed in June 2023 on the three electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) The search resulted in 30 studies and showed that intentional dental modifications, also referred to as nontherapeutic dental modifications, are prevalent across the African population for reasons linked to traditional medicine, ethnic affiliation, and individualism, with the highest-reported modification being infant oral mutilation at 53%, followed by tooth filing at 10%, and others such as lip plates, diastema piercings, dental avulsion, dental tattooing, crowns, and oral piercings. (4) The quality and quantity of the available literature on intentional dental modifications in the African population is limited due to bias in reporting, as most studies are those of individuals with severe health complications. The data gathered from this study could further aid in the analysis and identification of nontherapeutic dental modifications, be used in profiling, and assist in the estimation of population affiliation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Intentional Dental Modifications in the African Population

Kgabi,

Manica,

Pandey

2024

Oral

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“…In addition, the AM fingerprints that have been recorded are received and scanned into the AFIIS. (Smitha et al, 2019a) Post-mortem team Fingerprint experts, police officers, pathologists, odontologists, and DNA experts are just some of the professionals who will examine the corpse at the morgue and record their findings on post mortem Interpol form.The PM examination begins with a detailed exterior description and then moves on to fingerprint analysis. The following phase involves the pathologist beginning an exterior and interior body description Subsequently, a forensic odontologist would examine the teeth on the postmortem f1/f2, , We will maintain a comprehensive record of the patient's dental condition, including details about their teeth, surrounding structures, fillings, materials used, and any prosthetic procedures performed.…”

Section: Ante Mortem Teammentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaboration between forensic odontology and forensic pathology is crucial in Disaster Victim Identification

Salman Khan,

Suhartono,

Auerkari

2024

Eduvest

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While forensic pathologists have always played a pivotal role in victim identification after mass casualties, new developments in forensic methods have given forensic anthropologists more agency in positively identifying individuals who were previously unidentifiable.This review aims to contribute to the refinement of diagnostic tools, ensure optimal utilization of remnants and information available, and emphasize the contributions of forensic pathologists and forensic odontologist to victim identification and the importance of forensic pathologists and forensic odontologist in the criminal justice system. Considering the Interpol DVI Guide's emphasis on fingerprints, dental examinations, and DNA as primary identifiers, the forensic pathologist's role as the leader of a multidisciplinary team of experts in a disaster situation has taken on new significance. This is due to the forensic pathologist's and forensic odontologist training and experience leading similar teams during routine operations at a forensics institute. This thorough examination highlights the utmost significance of the job carried out by forensic pathologists and forensic odontologist. They play an important role in the judicial process by providing expert views in criminal investigations. Their expertise ensures accurate identification of victims and provides critical evidence that is necessary for holding offenders responsible. Their contributions are fundamental to the administration of justice, highlighting the great importance of their function in the overall structure of the criminal judicial system.

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“…There are also other problems associated with dental records, including lack of international standardization regarding the information to collect and/or upload to databases, poor quality of radiographs, and incomplete or illegible records (Hinchliffe, 2011). In such cases where AM records are not available or suitable, PM dental profiling can be performed by forensic odontologists to infer other biological or biographical information about the deceased individual (Smitha et al, 2019). This includes estimation of age, sex, ancestry, socioeconomic status, personal habits, systemic health, occupation, and dietary status (Vodanovi c & Brki c, 2012).…”

Section: Dental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An interdisciplinary forensic approach for human remains identification and missing persons investigations

Dahal

McNevin

Chikhani

et al. 2023

WIREs Forensic Science

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The resolution of unidentified human remains (UHR) and long‐term missing persons (LTMP) cases is paramount for administrative, legal, and humanitarian reasons. There are various forensic profiling methods for human identification; however, their utility is dependent on several factors. First, UHR can be found in different stages of decomposition, so the availability and diversity of post‐mortem (PM) information will differ. Second, the availability and totality of the LTMP's ante‐mortem (AM) information will differ. Therefore, the suitability of existing methods will be dependent on the quality and quantity of PM and/or AM data available for comparison. Visual recognition is the simplest and quickest method, but typically not practiced or possible, owing to the altered, fragmented, or skeletonized state of UHR. Primary forensic profiling methods involve the comparison of fingerprint, dental, DNA, and medical data. Secondary forensic profiling methods from anthropology, radiology, geochemistry, and anatomy disciplines can provide supplementary evidence to support comparative identification approaches. Emerging forensic molecular technologies such as genomics, microbiomics, epigenetics, and proteomics, together with individual digital footprints from personal devices, offer new investigative leads for establishing identity. However, despite the success of these individual methods, their limitations must be considered when used in isolation. Through the development of a guiding forensic examination framework, this review endorses an interdisciplinary response to unidentified and missing persons investigations, where various forensic specialists collaboratively examine UHR using a suite of contemporary forensic profiling methods to produce multiple and/or different lines of evidence to link them effectively, efficiently, comprehensively, and systematically to LTMP. This article is categorized under: Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Special Situations and Investigations Forensic Biology > DNA Testing in Disaster Victim and Missing Persons Identification Forensic Medicine > Medicolegal Death Investigation Systems Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration

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Forensic odontology as a humanitarian tool

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Intentional Dental Modifications in the African Population

Intentional Dental Modifications in the African Population

Collaboration between forensic odontology and forensic pathology is crucial in Disaster Victim Identification

An interdisciplinary forensic approach for human remains identification and missing persons investigations

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