Forensic trace DNA: a review

Oorschot, R.A. van; Ballantyne, Kaye N.; Mitchell, R.J.

doi:10.1186/2041-2223-1-14

Cited by 304 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Over time, many creative methods have been developed for the ''sight-unseen'' detection of organisms (sensu Jerde et al 2011). Today, diverse fields of biological and environmental study use DNA to detect various taxa across many different types of environments, including forensics (van Oorschot et al 2010), fecal pollution tracking (Caldwell et al 2011), paleogenetics (Pedersen et al 2015), and environmental biosafety (Nielsen et al 2007). Detection and analysis of eDNA have been the topic of several recent literature reviews (Blanchet 2012;Díaz-Ferguson and Moyer 2014;Rees et al 2014b;Bohmann et al 2014), including one focused on the conservation biology implications of eDNA (Thomsen and Willerslev 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics

2015

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to the genetic material that can be extracted from bulk environmental samples such as soil, water, and even air. The rapidly expanding study of eDNA has generated unprecedented ability to detect species and conduct genetic analyses for conservation, management, and research, particularly in scenarios where collection of whole organisms is impractical or impossible. While the number of studies demonstrating successful eDNA detection has increased rapidly in recent years, less research has explored the ''ecology'' of eDNA-myriad interactions between extraorganismal genetic material and its environment-and its influence on eDNA detection, quantification, analysis, and application to conservation and research. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the ecology of eDNA, including the origin, state, transport, and fate of extraorganismal genetic material. Using this framework, we review and synthesize the findings of eDNA studies from diverse environments, taxa, and fields of study to highlight important concepts and knowledge gaps in eDNA study and application. Additionally, we identify frontiers of conservation-focused eDNA application where we see the most potential for growth, including the use of eDNA for estimating population size, population genetic and genomic analyses via eDNA, inclusion of other indicator biomolecules such as environmental RNA or proteins, automated sample collection and analysis, and consideration of an expanded array of creative environmental samples. We discuss how a more complete understanding of the ecology of eDNA is integral to advancing these frontiers and maximizing the potential of future eDNA applications in conservation and research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics

2015

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“…Los métodos de extracción no recuperan todo el ADN contenido en la muestra; se han reportado pérdidas de hasta 75%, lo que se puede deber a los sustratos en que se encuentran y la metodología que se usa (Oorschot et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Variación de perfiles genéticos obtenidos por PCR con y sin extracción de ADN a partir de manchas de sangre

et al. 2017

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ResumenLa PCR sin extracción es una herramienta clave en investigaciones forenses, tratándose de una de las opciones a elegir cuando se tienen muestras con baja cantidad o calidad del ADN. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si hay diferencias entre los perfiles genéticos obtenidos por PCR i) en muestras de ADN extraídas con Chelex ® 100, ii) en muestras de ADN obtenidas con el reactivo de purificación de muestras en tarjetas FTA, y iii) por la PCR muestras sin extracción, empleando el kit comercial AmpFLSTR ® Identifiler ® , utilizado de rutina en el laboratorio IdentiGEN de la Universidad de Antioquia. Manchas de sangre almacenadas en tarjetas FTA TM Genecard Whatman TM , papel de Cromatografía y papel filtro, se amplificaron por PCR sin extracción utilizando los buffers Ezway TM , PCRboost TM , STRboost TM y Buffer 5X Colorless Go Taq ® Flexi. Los perfiles obtenidos se analizaron por medio de electroforesis capilar. Los resultados muestran que con los buffers utilizados se obtiene la amplificación de todos los marcadores STRs de las muestras almacenadas en los tres diferentes soportes. Esto permite concluir, que utilizando la PCR sin extracción, además de reducirse los costos y el tiempo de procesamiento de las muestras, se logra obtener perfiles genéticos que cumplan los criterios de calidad establecidos por el laboratorio, generando resultados de manera más eficiente al no ser necesario realizar la extracción y purificación del ADN.Palabras claves: PCR sin extracción, extracción de ADN, genética forense. AbstractThe PCR without extraction is a key tool in forensic investigation, being a good option when samples with small amounts or degraded DNA are available. The objective of this study was to compare genetic profiles obtained by PCR using: i) DNA samples extracted using Chelex ® 100, ii) DNA samples extracted using an FTA purification reagent, and iii) samples without extraction using the commercial kits AmpFLSTR ® Identifiler ® , routinely employed in the laboratory IdentiGEN of the University of Antioquia. Blood stains were collected in FTA cards Genecard Whatman TM , chromatography paper, and in filter papers. PCR without extraction was performed using the buffers Ezway TM , PCRboost TM , STRboost TM , and Buffer 5X Colorless Go Taq ® Flexi. The profiles were obtained by capillary electrophoresis. The results show that, using the above-mentioned buffers, all STR markers were amplified, for samples collected in the three different types of support. In conclusion, the PCR without extraction, apart from reducing the cost and time needed for processing the samples, it allows obtaining genetic profiles that meet the quality criteria established by the laboratory, in a more efficiently way, since DNA extraction and purification steps are eliminated.

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“…This amount can be increased with multiple and coextracted swabs. In fact, the type of the biological material as well as the ratio of sampling area to the actual area of the deposit of relevant targeted remains, or interaction between victim's cells can influence the amount and mix of samples [89][90][91]. All this is relevant, even if the secondary transfer material is a liquid (buffer) in a device [92,93].…”

Section: Collection Devices and Paraffin Embedded Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Most Common Medico-Legal Autopsy-Related Human and Nonhuman Biological Samples for DNA Analysis

Pádár¹,

Zenke²,

Kozma³

2018

Post Mortem Examination and Autopsy - Current Issues From Death to Laboratory Analysis

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The identification and individualization of biological evidences is crucial to actual criminal investigations. In spite of the differences at the national level, all the legal processes attribute particular importance to forensic DNA analysis. However, none of the qualified results from any professional laboratory can produce substantive, valuable evidence with insufficient quality of samples and/or problems with provision of a pristine and controlled environment. The methodology and efficiency of sampling are distinct in case of living persons and in medico-legal autopsy and crime scenes. This chapter is a short overview from the basic introductory information up to ongoing research, and in accordance with constraints on the chapter size, it briefly discusses the important topics of sample collection at medico-legal autopsy for DNA analysis. The content sorts the major types of samples, reviews the common methods of sampling and the potential risk of poor sampling or contamination transfer. The corpses can be more or less degraded, which in special cases (e.g., paraffin embedded tissues, drowned, burning and/or buried cadaver) allow only for analysis of highly degraded samples. The samples can be associated with tissues of a corpse (e.g., blood, soft tissues, bone, tooth, hair) and/or additional extraneous tissues and remains, which are often mixed (e.g., blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, debris of fingernails) on the corpse.

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Forensic trace DNA: a review

Cited by 304 publications

References 193 publications

The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics

The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics

Variación de perfiles genéticos obtenidos por PCR con y sin extracción de ADN a partir de manchas de sangre

Most Common Medico-Legal Autopsy-Related Human and Nonhuman Biological Samples for DNA Analysis

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