“…At the meso level, economic development (Chang & Chen, 2004; Gao et al., 2017; Sweet & Maggio, 2015), scale agglomeration (Andersson et al., 2009; Anokhin & Wincent, 2012; Papageorgiadis & Sharma, 2016), education (Bartel & Lichtenberg, 1987; Baumol, 2005; Chi & Qian, 2010), and institutional factors (Lee & Law, 2017; Potrafke, 2010; Wang et al., 2019) are areas of concern. In addition, some studies have focused on the impact of corruption (Blackburn & Forgues‐Puccio, 2009; Sena et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2018), bureaucracy (Bronzini & Piselli, 2016; Zhou et al., 2019), and foresight (Aguirre‐Bastos & Weber, 2018; Da Costa et al., 2008; Havas et al., 2010) on the level of innovation systems. However, most of the research on these influencing factors of innovation systems consider the internal indicators of their own systems, but seldom consider the interaction between different innovation systems.…”