Forest canopy uptake of atmospheric nitrogen deposition at eastern U.S. conifer sites: Carbon storage implications?

Sievering, H.; Fernandez, Ivan J.; Lee, John; Hom, John; Rustad, Lindsey E.

doi:10.1029/2000gb001250

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Lastly, we assume that plants only take up mineral nitrogen in soils. We are not considering the pathway for nitrogen uptake through the stomata of leaves, which has been suggested as an important pathway for forest to assimilate deposited nitrogen (Jenkinson 1999;Sievering 1999;Sievering et al, 2000). This may cause the underestimation of carbon sink due to secondary forest, especially in regions where nitrogen deposition level is high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of secondary forest and nitrogen dynamics to terrestrial carbon uptake

2010

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Abstract.We use a terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle component of the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) to investigate the impacts of nitrogen dynamics on regrowing secondary forests over the 20th century. We further examine what the impacts of nitrogen deposition and land use change history are on terrestrial carbon uptake since preindustrial time. Our results suggest that global total net land use emissions for the 1990s associated with changes in cropland, pastureland, and wood harvest are 1.22 GtC/yr. Without considering the secondary forest regrowth, the estimated net global total land use emissions are 1.58 GtC/yr or about 0.36 GtC/yr higher than if secondary forest regrowth is considered. Results also show that without considering the nitrogen dynamics and deposition, the estimated global total secondary forest sink for the 1990s is 0.90 GtC/yr or about 0.54 GtC/yr higher than estimates that include the impacts of nitrogen dynamics and deposition. Nitrogen deposition alone is responsible for about 0.13 GtC/yr of the total secondary forest sink. While nitrogen is not a limiting nutrient in the intact primary forests in tropical regions, our study suggests that nitrogen becomes a limiting nutrient for regrowing secondary forests of the tropical regions, in particular Latin America and Tropical Africa. This is because land use change activities, especially wood harvest, removes large amounts of nitrogen from the system when slash is burnt or wood is removed for harvest. However, our model results show that carbon uptake is enhanced in the tropical secondary forests of the Indian region. We argue that this may be due to enhanced nitrogen mineralization and increased nitrogen availability following land use change in the Indian tropical forest ecosystems. Results also demonstrate that there is a significant amount of carbon accumulating in the Northern Hemisphere where most land use changes and forest regrowth has Correspondence to: A. K. Jain (jain1@uiuc.edu) occurred in recent decades. This study indicates the significance of secondary forests to terrestrial carbon sinks, the importance of nitrogen dynamics to the magnitude of secondary forests carbon uptake, and therefore the need to include both primary and secondary forests and nitrogen dynamics in terrestrial ecosystem models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of secondary forest and nitrogen dynamics to terrestrial carbon uptake

2010

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“…Dry deposition can also be carried out by nitric acid vapor, a surface-active N species. The magnitude of this dry deposition flux in certain densely covered fields of vegetation and forested land can be substantially higher than the dry deposition flux by aerosol NO 3 À (Sievering et al 2000). However, in most estuaries with simple and flat surface topography, nitric acid dry deposition is often not considered, as it may not contribute significantly to the total atmospheric N deposition fluxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to the New Jersey Coastal Waters and Its Implications

Gao

Kennish

Flynn

2007

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. In situ measurements of atmospheric NO 3 À and NH 4 þ at Sandy Hook on the northern New Jersey (USA) coast and at Tuckerton on the southern New Jersey coast reveal significant temporal and spatial variations of these inorganic N constituents. The mean concentration of NO 3 À in precipitation was higher at Sandy Hook (44.6 lmol/L) than at Tuckerton (29.1 lmol/L). The mean concentration of NH 4 þ in precipitation exhibited a similar pattern, being higher at Sandy Hook (26.3 lmol/L) than at Tuckerton (18.3 lmol/L). Aerosol NO 3 À and NH 4 þ concentrations at Sandy Hook were also higher than those at Tuckerton. On an annual basis, the total atmospheric deposition of NO 3 À was estimated to be 51. were ,4 lmol/L. In this system, atmospheric deposition accounts for ;39% of the total N load. These results suggest that atmospheric deposition appears to be an important pathway of new N inputs to New Jersey coastal waters and a potentially significant N enrichment source for biotic production.

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“…Nitrogen is often a limiting factor for plant growth, and its role in the carbon cycle has been emphasized [7][8][9]. Furthermore, nitrogen is an important input parameter in ecosystem process models [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Indices for Mapping Canopy Foliar Nitrogen in a Mixed Temperate Forest

et al. 2016

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Hyperspectral remote sensing serves as an effective tool for estimating foliar nitrogen using a variety of techniques. Vegetation indices (VIs) are a simple means of retrieving foliar nitrogen. Despite their popularity, few studies have been conducted to examine the utility of VIs for mapping canopy foliar nitrogen in a mixed forest context. In this study, we assessed the performance of 32 vegetation indices derived from HySpex airborne hyperspectral images for estimating canopy mass-based foliar nitrogen concentration (%N) in the Bavarian Forest National Park. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed for comparison. These vegetation indices were classified into three categories that are mostly correlated to nitrogen, chlorophyll, and structural properties such as leaf area index (LAI). %N was destructively measured in 26 broadleaf, needle leaf, and mixed stand plots to represent the different species and canopy structure. The canopy foliar %N is defined as the plot-level mean foliar %N of all species weighted by species canopy foliar mass fraction. Our results showed that the variance of canopy foliar %N is mainly explained by functional type and species composition. The normalized difference nitrogen index (NDNI) produced the most accurate estimation of %N (R 2 CV = 0.79, RMSE CV = 0.26). A comparable estimation of %N was obtained by the chlorophyll index Boochs2 (R 2 CV = 0.76, RMSE CV = 0.27). In addition, the mean NIR reflectance (800-850 nm), representing canopy structural properties, also achieved a good accuracy in %N estimation (R 2 CV = 0.73, RMSE CV = 0.30). The PLSR model provided a less accurate estimation of %N (R 2 CV = 0.69, RMSE CV = 0.32). We argue that the good performance of all three categories of vegetation indices in %N estimation can be attributed to the synergy among plant traits (i.e., canopy structure, leaf chemical and optical properties) while these traits may converge across plant species for evolutionary reasons. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperspectral vegetation indices to estimate %N in a mixed temperate forest which may relate to the effect of the physical basis of nitrogen absorption features on canopy reflectance, or the biological links between nitrogen, chlorophyll, and canopy structure.

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Forest canopy uptake of atmospheric nitrogen deposition at eastern U.S. conifer sites: Carbon storage implications?

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

Contributions of secondary forest and nitrogen dynamics to terrestrial carbon uptake

Contributions of secondary forest and nitrogen dynamics to terrestrial carbon uptake

Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to the New Jersey Coastal Waters and Its Implications

Vegetation Indices for Mapping Canopy Foliar Nitrogen in a Mixed Temperate Forest

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