Forest Damage: Characterization of Spruce Needles by Pyrolysis Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Schulten, H.‐R.; Simmleit, Norbert; Rump, H. H.

doi:10.1080/03067318608079818

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Magel and Ziegler (1986) showed that the wax layer of young spruce trees became damaged when they were exposed to natural environmental conditions where established forest trees are heavily damaged. Schulten et al (1986) reported that the wax constituents of needles exposed to acidic fog become altered; this has also been observed on needles of damaged spruce trees grown under natural conditions (Schulten et al 1987). These facts clearly provide argument that our observations and experimental results are of relevance in forest decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effect of acidic fog on needle surface and water relations of Picea abies

Mengel

Hogrebe

Esch

1989

Physiologia Plantarum

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1989. Effect of acidic fog on needle surface and water relations of Picea abies. -Physiol. Plant. 75: 201-207.Young spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] exposed to acidic fog (pH 3) showed a disintegration of the epicuticular waxes of the current year's needles as compared with trees treated with a fog of pH 5. The fog treatment was followed by a period in which the trees received different water supply. Under water stress conditions, trees that had been exposed to the acidic fog showed significantly higher transpiration rates than control trees that were treated with a fog of pH 5. The water loss of the controls was 0 at the middle of the photoperiod, while the trees pretreated with acidic fog still showed a substantial transpiration rate at this time. Water loss of excised twigs measured in the dry atmosphere of a desiccator also provided evidence that the water holding capacity of needles pretreated with acidic fog was affected. There is evidence that particularly the cuticular transpiration was increased by pretreatment with acidic fog. The xylem water potential of twigs pretreated with acidic fog was significantly lower than that of twigs pretreated with a fog of pH 5, while the osmotic potential was not affected by the different fog treatments. It is suggested that in draught years trees with a damaged cuticle caused by acidic fog will be affected in their resistance against water stress. In this way acidic fog could be involved in forest decline now widely spread in Central Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effect of acidic fog on needle surface and water relations of Picea abies

Mengel

Hogrebe

Esch

1989

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Solvent extraction analysis results [22,25,26,30,31] may not reflect the actual quantitative or qualitative composition of the VOCs emitted into the gas-phase. Consequently, direct gas-phase sampling methods such as PC/GC/FT-ICR MS are preferable.…”

Section: Emissions From the Pine Twigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that terpene compositions may be used to determine the tree types [21,22] and locations [23,24], as well as the extent of injuries, such as montane yellowing [25] and forest damage [26], caused by air pollution. Plants may also respond to herbivore feeding and mechanical wounding by releasing targeted chemicals such as proteinase inhibitors [27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, accurate measure-ment of the tree monoterpenes is important. However, difficulties with handling unresolved complex data [26], lack of an absolute reference for the terpene yield and/or sampling errors, uncertainties associated with invasive sample extraction from conifer needles [26, 29 -31], and rough handling [32] highlight the analytical importance of non-invasive, reproducible, and rapid sample analysis for plant characterization based on VOC signatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A preconcentrator coupled to a GC/FTMS: Advantages of self-chemical ionization, mass measurement accuracy, and high mass resolving power for GC applications

Solouki

Szulejko

Bennett

et al. 2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Chemical analyses have been conducted on general organic and inorganic composition of conifer needles (Kim and Lee 1990;Schulten et al 1986a) to define the decline phenomenon. Yet in these declining trees, only a few specific analyses on cuticular waxes are available (Trimble et al 1982;Cape 1986;Simrnleit and Schulten 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications in the alkane composition of cuticular waxes from spruce needles (Picea abies) and ivy leaves (Hedera helix) exposed to ozone fumigation and acid fog: comparison with needles from declining spruce trees

Kerfourn¹,

Garrec²

1992

Can. J. Bot.

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KERFOURN, C., and GARREC, J. P. 1992. Modifications in the alkane composition of cuticular waxes from spruce needles (Picea abies) and ivy leaves (Hedera helix) exposed to ozone fumigation and acid fog: comparison with needles from declining spruce trees. Can. J. Bot. 70: 861-869. Our study on the chemical composition of cuticular waxes showed that the configuration of alkane homologues, in needles from declining spruce trees as well as in artificially polluted ivy leaves and spruce needles, presented a significant shift towards lower molecular weight chains. On the contrary, in both materials ageing was characterized by increasing chain lengths. This work emphasizes the importance of the short and long carbon chains as representative parameters of chemical alteration of cuticular waxes. As far as alkanes are concerned, pollutants may change cuticular wax composition by acting on sites of their metabolic biosynthesis rather than through a direct passive chemical contact effect. KERFOURN, C., et GARREC, J. P. 1992. Modifications in the alkane composition of cuticular waxes from spruce needles . . ..(Picea abies) and ivy leaves (Hedera helix) exposed to ozone fumigation and acid fog: comparison with needles from . . declining spruce trees. Can. J. Bot. 70 : 861-869. L'Ctude de la composition chimique des cires cuticulaires montre que le dCpCrissement chez l'CpicCa, tout comme les simulations de pollution chez 1'CpicCa et le lierre, se manifestent par un raccourcissement gCnCral des chaines d'alcanes. Le vieillissement par contre, se traduit chez les deux matCriels vCgCtaux par un allongement croissant de la longueur des chaines. D'une f a~o n gCnCrale, cette Ctude sur les differents homologues des alcanes met en Cvidence l'importance du rapport des chaines courtes aux chaines longues, comme paramktre representatif de llaltCration chimique des cires cuticulaires. Nos rCsultats concernant les alcanes, sont en faveur d'une action metabolique des polluants sur diffkrentes Ctapes de la biosynthbse des cires cuticulaires, plut6t que d'une simple reaction chimique h leur contact.

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Forest Damage: Characterization of Spruce Needles by Pyrolysis Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of acidic fog on needle surface and water relations of Picea abies

Effect of acidic fog on needle surface and water relations of Picea abies

A preconcentrator coupled to a GC/FTMS: Advantages of self-chemical ionization, mass measurement accuracy, and high mass resolving power for GC applications

Modifications in the alkane composition of cuticular waxes from spruce needles (Picea abies) and ivy leaves (Hedera helix) exposed to ozone fumigation and acid fog: comparison with needles from declining spruce trees

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