Forest declines: some perspectives on linking processes and patterns

McLaughlin, S.B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1294-9_17

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Parallel to these observations, many reports have discussed forest decline symptoms for conifers and, during the last few years, especially for deciduous trees like oak and beech ( Eamus and Jarvis 1989; CEC‐UN‐ECE 1993). A number of publications tried to correlate this development in air pollution with damage observed on trees, especially in Europe ( McLaughlin, 1994; Sandermann et al 1997 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beech trees exposed to high CO₂ and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Lütz

Anegg

Gérant³

et al. 2000

Physiologia Plantarum

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Young trees of European beech (Fagus syl7atica L.) were phate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, while the summer and exposed in a phytotron to different levels of ozone and CO 2 early autumn harvests showed strong reductions in these under the climatic simulation of one vegetation period. High parameters. Only phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPozone levels were simulated similar to high ozone concentra-case) activity remained higher under high ozone. The effects of high CO 2 appeared in general as a small stimulation in tion in the field (up to 110 ppb), while CO 2 was added as 300 ppm to the present level of ca 380 ppm. Our study describes enzyme activity like PEPcase in spring. However, with indifferent aspects of photosynthesis from the leaf level to the creasing time of fumigation, reductions of all parameters were observed. Especially chlorophylls showed strong reduc-reactions of selected thylakoid components at different hartions under high CO 2 . The combined treatment with high vest times during growth of the beech trees under the different fumigation regimes. Ozone effects appeared in the first weeks ozone plus high CO 2 resulted mostly in an amelioration of the of the treatment as a stimulation of chlorophyll fluorescence negative ozone effects, although control levels were not (F v /F m ), in oxygen production and in ribulose-1,5-bisphos-reached.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beech trees exposed to high CO₂ and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Lütz

Anegg

Gérant³

et al. 2000

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Many physiological insights into growth effects of ozone on loblolly pine have been identified from controlled laboratory and field studies (Sestak et al, 1991;Richardson et al, 1992;Edwards et al, 1992;McLaughlin, 1994;and Taylor, 1994). Much of the evidence supports alteration of carbohydrate economy as a principal mechanism of effect (McLaughlin, 1994). Among the symptoms of carbohydrate alteration are reduced carbon assimilation, increased carbon loss in respiration, and reduced transport of photoassimilates to root systems, all of which affect the availability of carbohydrates for growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced root growth has been the most consistent growth response of trees to ozone in controlled exposure studies (McLaughlin, 1994) and would reduce the trees' capacity to resupply water lost in evapotranspiration. Altered water balance is also an expected response to changes in stomatal function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees

McLaughlin¹,

Downing²

1996

Can. J. For. Res.

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Seasonal growth patterns of mature loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees over the interval 1988–1993 have been analyzed to evaluate the effects of ambient ozone on growth of large forest trees. Patterns of stem expansion and contraction of 34 trees were examined using serial measurements with sensitive dendrometer band systems. Study sites, located in eastern Tennessee, varied significantly in soil moisture, soil fertility, and stand density. Levels of ozone, rainfall, and temperature varied widely over the 6-year study interval. Regression analysis identified statistically significant influences of ozone on stem growth patterns, with responses differing widely among trees and across years. Ozone interacted with both soil moisture stress and high temperatures, explaining 63% of the high frequency, climatic variance in stem expansion identified by stepwise regression of the 5-year data set. Observed responses to ozone were rapid, typically occurring within 1–3 days of exposure to ozone at ≥40 ppb and were significantly amplified by low soil moisture and high air temperatures. Both short-term responses, apparently tied to ozone-induced increases in whole-tree water stress, and longer term cumulative responses were identified. These data indicate that relatively low levels of ambient ozone can significantly reduce growth of mature forest trees and that interactions between ambient ozone and climate are likely to be important modifiers of future forest growth and function. Additional studies of mechanisms of short-term response and interspecies comparisons are clearly needed.

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“…Among other effects, they are known to induce visible symptoms of damage on vegetation in many regions of the world (USEPA 1996, Davison and Barnes 1998, EEA 1998, Fumagalli et al 2001, Wahid et al 2001, Chappelka et al 2003). In Europe, the levels of this pollutant have been related to forest decline (McLaughlin 1994, Sandermann et al 1997) and impacts on crop production of economic significance (Beck et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term drought response of two white clover clones, sensitive and tolerant to O₃

Bermejo

Irigoyen

Santamaría

2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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In order to study observed differences in water status between Trifolium repens L. cv. Regal NC‐R and NC‐S biotypes, tolerant and sensitive to ozone, respectively, and trying to identify possible environmental strains for this widely used ozone biomonitoring system, the response of these two biotypes to a short‐term drought was evaluated. The evolution of both soil and plant water status along with leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11) enzymatic activities and leaf content in total soluble protein, total soluble sugars, proline for an equal number of clones of each biotype under drought and control treatments was registered for 5 days under greenhouse conditions and summer direct sunlight. The results obtained show that the water requirement of sensitive NC‐S clones is higher, as these tend to display higher values of leaf conductance and water use under optimal water availability. What is more, when the short‐term drought is imposed, symptoms of oxidative stress and a negative impact on most of the measured parameters are displayed at an earlier stage in this biotype, proving it to be more sensitive to low water availability. It is therefore suggested that these differences might be linked with the existing variability in ozone sensitivity between the biotypes and that at the same time, they could result in a poorer performance of this biomonitoring system in field assays under conditions of high evapotranspiratory demand, such as those registered during summer time in Southern Europe.

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Forest declines: some perspectives on linking processes and patterns

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Beech trees exposed to high CO₂ and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Beech trees exposed to high CO₂ and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees

Short‐term drought response of two white clover clones, sensitive and tolerant to O₃

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Forest declines: some perspectives on linking processes and patterns

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Beech trees exposed to high CO2 and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Beech trees exposed to high CO2 and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees

Short‐term drought response of two white clover clones, sensitive and tolerant to O3

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Beech trees exposed to high CO₂ and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Beech trees exposed to high CO₂ and to simulated summer ozone levels: Effects on photosynthesis, chloroplast components and leaf enzyme activity

Short‐term drought response of two white clover clones, sensitive and tolerant to O₃