Forest Fire History in Viena Karelia, Russia

Lehtonen, Hannu; Kolström, Taneli

doi:10.1080/02827580050216833

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…The number of fires in all three regions increased considerably, apparently due to human activity, in the 18 th and 19 th centuries (Tuominen 1990, Lehtonen et al 1996, Lehtonen and Kolström 2000, followed by a subsequent decline. The decline in fires occurred in the Häme area in the mid-19 th century (Tuominen 1990, Lehtonen andKolström 2002), i.e.…”

Section: History Of Forest Utilization In the Study Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decline in fires occurred in the Häme area in the mid-19 th century (Tuominen 1990, Lehtonen andKolström 2002), i.e. earlier than in Kuhmo and Vienansalo, where fires continued to occur until the 20 th century (Haapanen and Siitonen 1978, Lehtonen and Kolström 2000, Pennanen and Kuuluvainen 2002. Based on the available information, a general decreasing trend of overall human impact on forests is evident from Häme toward the more remote regions in Kuhmo and Vienansalo (Kalliola 1966).…”

Section: History Of Forest Utilization In the Study Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of old Pinus sylvestris dominated forest stands along a geographic and human impact gradient in mid-boreal Fennoscandia

Lilja¹,

Kuuluvainen²

2005

Silva Fenn.

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Stand structural characteristics were examined in old Pinus sylvestris dominated sites in three regions along a broad geographic and human impact gradient in mid-boreal Fennoscandia. The study regions were: 1) Häme in south-western Finland, with a long history of forest utilization, 2) Kuhmo in north-eastern Finland, with a more recent history of intensive forest utilization, and 3) Vienansalo in Russian Karelia, still characterized by a large near-natural forest landscape. Within each region the sampled sites were divided into three human impact classes: 1) near-natural stands, 2) stands selectively logged in the past, and 3) managed stands treated with thinnings. The near-natural and selectively logged stands in Häme and Kuhmo had a significantly higher Picea proportion compared to stands in Vienansalo. In comparison, the proportions of deciduous tree volumes were higher in near-natural stands in Vienansalo compared to near-natural stands in Häme. The pooled tree diameter distributions, both in near-natural and selectively logged stands, were descending whereas managed stands had a bimodal diameter distribution. Structural diversity characteristics such as broken trunks were most common in near-natural stands and in stands selectively logged in the past. The results demonstrate the higher structural complexity of near-natural stands and stands selectively logged in the past compared to managed stands, and highlight that old near-natural stands and stands selectively logged in the past vary widely in their structures. This obviously reflects both their natural variability but also various combinations of pre-industrial land use and human impact on fire disturbance. These factors need to be acknowledged when using "natural" forest structures as a reference in developing strategies for forest management, restoration and nature conservation.

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Section: History Of Forest Utilization In the Study Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Forest Utilization In the Study Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of old Pinus sylvestris dominated forest stands along a geographic and human impact gradient in mid-boreal Fennoscandia

Lilja¹,

Kuuluvainen²

2005

Silva Fenn.

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“…It is not rare to see old pines with multiple fire scars in those sites of Fennoscandia which are still largely unaffected by industrial forestry (eg. Lehtonen and Kolström 2000). In addition, pine is able to re-colonize burned areas more rapidly than spruce.…”

Section: Large Scale Patterns In the Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the human impact is the most plausible factor behind this pattern. Boreal forests were actively used for slash and burn agriculture for centuries in eastern Fennoscandia (Heikinheimo 1915;Taavitsainen et al 1998;Orrman 2003;Chernyakova 2014b) which could led to the increased fire frequency in the forest landscape (Zackrisson 1977;Lehtonen et al 1996;Lehtonen and Kolström 2000;Pitkänen et al 2002;Wallenius et al 2005). In addition to slash and burn agriculture, the other modes of human activity can increase the frequency of unintended fires in the forests near the villages.…”

Section: Large Scale Patterns In the Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heath forests of southern boreal zone were largely affected by slash and burn agriculture (Heikinheimo 1915), and even in the mid boreal zone, the use of fire in agriculture has increased the fire frequency in the forest landscape (Zackrisson 1977;Lehtonen et al 1996;Lehtonen and Kolström 2000;Pitkänen et al 2002;Wallenius et al 2005). The extremely high fire frequency of the 19th century was followed by the current very low fire frequency because of the end of slash and burn agriculture and active fire prevention which is still carried out (Pitkänen et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Past human population history affects current forest landscape structure of Vodlozero National Park, Northwest Russia

Tikkanen¹,

Chernyakova²

2014

Silva Fenn.

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Tikkanen O.-P., Chernyakova I. A. (2014). Past human population history affects current forest landscape structure of Vodlozero National Park, Northwest Russia. SilvaFennica vol. 48 no. 4 article id 1207. 17 p. Highlights• In large scale (0-20 km), the proportion of spruce in forest stands was positively affected by distance from old villages. This relationship was non-linear with a threshold distance of 15 km.• In small scale (0-5 km), old villages affected tree species composition and age structure of forests. Effect on age structure was the strongest on stands growing on mineral soils. AbstractThe information about location and size of past human settlements can give new insights into the analysis of landscape structures. Vodlozero National Park (NP) is one the largest strictly protected areas in Northwestern Europe. We mapped the location of historic villages, which were abandoned in 1958, and studied the effect of past human activity in the forest landscape in two different scales using forest survey data. We assessed the possible change in age, volume and tree species composition from the edge of open fields up to the distance of 5 km from villages. We made a larger landscape analysis using a grid of forest stands covering the whole northern part of the NP. The past human activity was clearly visible in the present forest landscape. Distance from villages affected age, volume and tree species composition of the forest stands. This effect was the strongest within the first two kilometers from the villages. At the level of whole northern NP, the proportion of spruce markedly increased after approximately 15 km from the nearest old village. The changes in the forests surrounding the villages were most likely the result of the intensive use of wood for different commodities needed in households and farming, in addition to short rotation slash and burn agriculture. If the occurrence of forest fires was more frequent closer to villages than in more remote areas, it can well explain the observed pattern in the abundance of spruce in the larger landscape that is less tolerant to fire than pine.

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Fire history in a western Fennoscandian boreal forest as influenced by human land use and climate

Rolstad

Blanck

Storaunet

2017

Ecological Monographs

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Abstract. Knowing the historical variation in fire regimes is instrumental in managing forests today and in predicting what may happen in the future. By cross-dating 745 fire scars in 378 samples of remnant Scots pines, we delineated 254 individual forest fires during the past 700 years in a 74-km 2 section of Trillemarka-Rollagsfjell Nature Reserve in south-central Norway. Fire sizes, numbers, burn rates, and frequencies were compared with historical climate proxies, vegetation maps, and written sources. The results revealed patterns consistent with a predominantly climate-driven fire regime up to 1625, followed by periods of strong anthropogenic influence that increased fire frequency during 1600-1700s and diminished fires during 1800-1900s. This was documented by an abrupt increase in number of small fires from the early 1600s that markedly shortened fire intervals from a median of 73 to 37 yr. This shift in fire frequency coincided with a sudden appearance of early-season fires from 1625 and onward. Whereas late-season burn rate increased with summer temperature, no such relationship was found for early-season fires. These results were corroborated by written sources that describe anthropogenic forest fires and slash-and-burn cultivation expanding with the increasing population from the late 1500s and subsequently diminishing due to increasing timber values during 1700-1800s. Whereas human activity strongly influenced the fire regime at multidecadal to centennial scales, it was the interannual variability in climate that triggered large fire events, especially during the pre-1625 period. Prior to 1625, the percentage of years with fire tripled from 7% during cold summers (10-12°C) to 21% during warm summers (14-16°C). Burn rate increased even more, from 0.01% to 1.3% for the same temperature intervals. Ecologically, the post-1625 period is remarkable in such a way that human activity, first by greatly increasing fire frequency and subsequently almost eradicating fires, possibly influenced the fire regime to such an extent that it may be unprecedented for millennia.

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Forest Fire History in Viena Karelia, Russia

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Structure of old Pinus sylvestris dominated forest stands along a geographic and human impact gradient in mid-boreal Fennoscandia

Structure of old Pinus sylvestris dominated forest stands along a geographic and human impact gradient in mid-boreal Fennoscandia

Past human population history affects current forest landscape structure of Vodlozero National Park, Northwest Russia

Fire history in a western Fennoscandian boreal forest as influenced by human land use and climate

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