Forest Health in a Changing World

Pautasso, Marco; Schlegel, Markus; Holdenrieder, Ottmar

doi:10.1007/s00248-014-0545-8

Cited by 109 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 271 publications

(275 reference statements)

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“…Oscillating dynamics where host populations recover and provide the basis for future outbreaks are a common pattern in many tree mortality events driven by native organisms [35,51,62]. Intensifying outbreaks resulting from climate-change-associated shifts in temperature, precipitation, and resulting host-stress appears likely given documentation of landscape-level declines in host physiological status and its impact to plant defense [3,4,37].…”

Section: Frontiers In the Study Of Disease-disturbance Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is warranted as land management policy can be more readily changed compared to an environmental event such as drought; policy and management can also affect environmental drivers of disease or landscape-level host distribution [3,38].…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major disease-causing pathogens of forest trees represent many branches on the tree of life, including fungi, oomycetes, or parasitic plants [3,19]. These pathogens can vary widely in their spatial distribution across a landscape.…”

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, temperature affects pathogen metabolic activity as well as host predisposition in response to environmental stress [33]. Global change-driven range expansions or contractions could make disease emergence more, or less, likely due to changes in the abundance or spatial distribution of either biological component [3,19,34]. Physical host wounds that act as a de facto surmounting of host physical defenses play an important role in infection [1,22,35,36].…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental factors act on pathogens and tree hosts independently and, as a consequence, disease incidence may increase or decrease due to environmental variability. This environmental variation can include year-to-year climate variation (temperature, precipitation, humidity), environmental pollutants (ozone, acid deposition), and a range of biophysical or biotic disturbances such as fire, wind, herbivory or insect outbreak [2,3]. A substantial body of research has developed to elucidate environmental influences on both pathogens and their tree hosts, encompassing a diversity of environmental stresses and effects at scales ranging from cellular to landscape [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances

Cobb

Metz

2017

Forests

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Abstract:The disease triangle is a basic and highly flexible tool used extensively in forest pathology. By linking host, pathogen, and environmental factors, the model provides etiological insights into disease emergence. Landscape ecology, as a field, focuses on spatially heterogeneous environments and is most often employed to understand the dynamics of relatively large areas such as those including multiple ecosystems (a landscape) or regions (multiple landscapes). Landscape ecology is increasingly focused on the role of co-occurring, overlapping, or interacting disturbances in shaping spatial heterogeneity as well as understanding how disturbance interactions mediate ecological impacts. Forest diseases can result in severe landscape-level mortality which could influence a range of other landscape-level disturbances including fire, wind impacts, and land use among others. However, apart from a few important exceptions, these disturbance-disease interactions are not well studied. We unite aspects of forest pathology with landscape ecology by applying the disease-triangle approach from the perspective of a spatially heterogeneous environment. At the landscape-scale, disturbances such as fire, insect outbreak, wind, and other events can be components of the environmental 'arm' of the disease triangle, meaning that a rich base of forest pathology can be leveraged to understand how disturbances are likely to impact diseases. Reciprocal interactions between disease and disturbance are poorly studied but landscape ecology has developed tools that can identify how they affect the dynamics of ecosystems and landscapes.

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Section: Frontiers In the Study Of Disease-disturbance Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances

Cobb

Metz

2017

Forests

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Emerald ash borer intensifies harvest regimes on private land

Holt

Smetzer

Borsuk

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Invasive forest insects have significant direct impacts on forest ecosystems and they are also generating new risks, uncertainties, and opportunities for forest landowners. The growing prevalence and inexorable spread of invasive insects across the United States, combined with the fact that the majority of the nation's forests are controlled by thousands of autonomous private landowners, raises an important question: To what extent will private landowners alter their harvest practices in response to insect invasions? Using a quasi‐experimental design, we conducted a causal analysis to investigate the influence of the highly impactful emerald ash borer (EAB) on (1) annual probability of harvest; (2) intensity of harvest; and (3) diameter of harvested trees, for both ash and non‐ash species on private land throughout the Midwest and mid‐Atlantic regions of the United States. We found that EAB detection had a negative impact on annual harvest probability and a positive impact on harvest intensity, resulting in a net increase in harvested biomass. Furthermore, our estimates suggest that EAB detection will influence private landowners to harvest greater quantities of ash, relative to non‐ash species. We also found that harvested trees in EAB‐infested areas had smaller diameters, on average, compared with those unaffected by EAB. These results can help policymakers, forest managers, and extension programs to anticipate and better advise landowners and managers about their options and the associated outcomes for forests.

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Likelihood of changes in forest species suitability, distribution, and diversity under future climate: The case of Southern Europe

Noce

Collalti

Santini

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Forest conservation strategies and plans can be unsuccessful if the new habitat conditions determined by climate change are not considered. Our work aims at investigating the likelihood of future suitability, distribution and diversity for some common European forest species under the projected changes in climate, focusing on Southern Europe. We combine an Ensemble Platform for Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to five Global Circulation Models (GCMs) driven by two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to produce maps of future climate‐driven habitat suitability for ten categories of forest species and two time horizons. For each forest category and time horizon, ten maps of future distribution (5 GCMs by 2 RCPs) are thus combined in a single suitability map supplied with information about the “likelihood” adopting the IPCC terminology based on consensus among projections. Then, the statistical significance of spatially aggregated changes in forest composition at local and regional level is analyzed. Finally, we discuss the importance, among SDMs, that environmental predictors seem to have in influencing forest distribution. Future impacts of climate change appear to be diversified across forest categories. A strong change in forest regional distribution and local diversity is projected to take place, as some forest categories will find more suitable conditions in previously unsuitable locations, while for other categories the same new conditions will become less suited. A decrease in species diversity is projected in most of the area, with Alpine region showing the potentiality to become a refuge for species migration.

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Forest Health in a Changing World

Cited by 109 publications

References 271 publications

Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances

Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances

Emerald ash borer intensifies harvest regimes on private land

Likelihood of changes in forest species suitability, distribution, and diversity under future climate: The case of Southern Europe

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