Forest pathological monitoring of different types protective planting in Lower Volga region

Abstract

In maintaining the material and energy balance of dry-steppe and semi-desert ecosystems, the main active component is forest-reclamation complexes of various purposes. In addition to environmental stabilization and other economic functions, protective plantings are also reserves of regional biodiversity. Research was carried out on permanent test sites in dendrological collections and protective forest stands of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of RAS, as well as in recreational and landscaping plantings using route and stationary methods in different types of forest plantations that differ in condition, level of anthropogenic impact and maintenance regime. The assessment of the forest pathology status of stands was carried out using standard methods and in accordance with the current guidelines for forest pathology survey of plantings and forest pathology monitoring. It was found that in the spectrum of the examined plants, the most prosperous state of the dendroflora is distinguished by arboretums and forest belts. Urban plantings are dominated by severely weakened and shrinking trees (up to 80.0%). The main pathologies in them were shrunken tops and skeletal branches, xylophages, diseases of foliage, wood and trunks. The least pronounced anomalies of woody plants in forest belts (10.7-22.0% lower than in other types of plantings).

Water consumption of corn for grain depending on the predecessor and fertilizers used using strip-til technology

“…As ways to increase productivity, it is necessary to use combinations of fertilizers [6], the method and period of their application [7][8], and treat seeds before sowing with growth stimulants. Alternative ways to increase the quantitative indicators of germination of seeds of agricultural crops, stimulate the growth and development of plants and, as a result, safety, are pre-sowing treatment of seeds by electrophysical methods [9][10][11] such as electromagnetic fields of various frequencies and wavelengths, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, corona discharge currents, electric pulse fields, which are an alternative to the use of pesticides and are safe for the surrounding flora and fauna [12][13]. Conducted studies on the effect of pre-sowing treatment in an electric field on sunflower seeds confirm the hypothesis about an environmentally friendly way to increase crop yields.…”

Improving the conditioned qualities of sunflower seeds by pre-sowing treatment with a pulsed electric field

“…Minimal, additional costs can be avoided by replacing the application of fertilizers or growth stimulants with alternative options, pre-sowing seed treatment with electrophysical effects [9], which are environmentally friendly, do not pollute the environment. Enough experience of successful application in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural plants with electromagnetic fields of various frequencies, a corona discharge field, an electrostatic field of alternating voltage, and electric pulse fields has been accumulated [10][11][12]. The undoubted advantages of these methods, of course, is the cheapness of processing, but there are also disadvantages that are a deterrent to industrial implementation, one of which is the need to conduct experiments and establish optimal parameters (intensity, time, frequency, pulse repetition period) for each crop, depending on physiological characteristics, these parameters may be different [13,14].…”