Forest self-regeneration following clear-felling of dieback-affected Fraxinus excelsior: focus on ash

Lygis, Vaidotas; Bakys, Remigijus; Gustiene, Alma; Burokienė, Daiva; Matelis, Antanas; Vasaitis, Rimvydas

doi:10.1007/s10342-014-0780-z

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…With a history of around 20 years in Europe, common ash is now heavily affected by ash dieback throughout most of its natural range . Being a keystone species in European riparian forests, heavy losses of F. excelsior will have substantial effects on associated species (Jönsson and Thor 2012;Littlewood et al 2015;Lõhmus and Runnel 2014;Lygis et al 2014;Mitchell et al 2014;Pautasso et al 2013).…”

Section: Ash Dieback In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

et al. 2016

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Section: Ash Dieback In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

et al. 2016

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“…Dieback, an important phenomenon in many crops and natural forests worldwide Lygis et al 2014), is caused by multiple factors, often interacting, that can be complicated and difficult to unravel. The search for primary causal mechanisms is complicated by the fact that dieback events arise from a complex of interacting biotic and abiotic factors (Muellerdombois 1987;Manion & Lachance 1992).…”

Section: Dieback Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimosa pigra dieback in the Northern Territory, Australia: Investigation into possible causes

Sacdalan¹

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In this study, Mimosa pigra dieback is described as plants or population of plants which appeared to suffer from ill health, death of their growing points and the emergence of green reshoots coming from the base. Dieback is an important phenomenon, not only in many crops and natural forests worldwide, but also in many invasive trees and shrubs in Australia. The dieback phenomenon is thought to be caused by complex and interacting factors and causes are often difficult to disentangle. In some cases it is a result of an interaction between both biotic and abiotic factors. Since 1988, dieback has been widely observed in Mimosa pigra L.(Fabaceae), a woody shrub that is one of the most serious exotic invaders of floodplains and riparian areas in the Top End of the Northern Territory. However, there has been no conclusive evidence of links between M. pigra dieback and specific causal factors. In addition, the dieback phenomenon has not been previously quantified.This thesis aimed to describe M. pigra dieback phenomenon at plant and population levels and its effect on plant growth, survival and demography. Specifically, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the role of biotic factors (insect borers and fungal pathogens), and abiotic factors (soil pH and salinity), in relation to the development of M. pigra dieback. In addition, the thesis examines the pathogenicity of the fungal endophytes/pathogens associated with diebackaffected and healthy M. pigra. M. pigra has been a focus of biological control programs for more than 30 years, but it still remains a serious threat in the wetlands and conservation areas in the Top End of the Northern Territory. While extensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of biological control programs, little is actually known about dieback and its causal factors.To evaluate the causal factors of M. pigra dieback, repeated ground surveys, plant health assessment and specimen collection of stems and soils, were conducted in the period 2011 to 2013 in established M. pigra sites on Melaleuca Station, Mary River, Northern Territory. Insect borers were quantified and putative fungal pathogen abundance were surveyed. A combined morphological and phylogenetic approach was used for fungal pathogens/endophyte identification. Using a subset of isolates, trials were performed to examine differences in the pathogenicity of the recovered fungal pathogens/endophytes.Results of field research showed that dieback in M. pigra is highly dynamic and fluctuates in its severity. Different sites showed increases and/or decreases in plant health over time.iii Dieback affects plants in all age classes, from seedlings, juveniles to adult plants, resulting in partial mortality of plants in all age categories over the trial period. Contrary to expectations, none of the biotic and abiotic factors examined showed a direct relationship to the changing population dynamics of M. pigra dieback over time. Nevertheless, fungal isolations demonstrated that M. pigra is a host to a diverse range of endop...

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“…The disease causes wilting and necroses of ash leaves and petioles, necrotic lesions on stems, branches and shoots, stem cankers and wood discolouration, followed by a gradual crown dieback, and in most severe cases -death of an entire tree (Bakys et al 2009, Kowalski & Holdenrieder 2009a, 2009b, Kirisits et al 2009, Skovsgaard et al 2010. In Lithuania, dieback of F. excelsior was first observed in 1995-1996 in the north-central part of the country (Juodvalkis & Vasiliauskas 2002) and since then large areas of ash stands underwent sanitary fellings (Lygis et al 2014). Currently, the disease is in its chronic phase, and the health condition of the remaining ash stands continues to deteriorate; yet, no effective control measures have been offered so far (Gustiene Pliura A et al -iForest 9: 12-22 2010, Pliura et al 2011, Lygis et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Lithuania, dieback of F. excelsior was first observed in 1995-1996 in the north-central part of the country (Juodvalkis & Vasiliauskas 2002) and since then large areas of ash stands underwent sanitary fellings (Lygis et al 2014). Currently, the disease is in its chronic phase, and the health condition of the remaining ash stands continues to deteriorate; yet, no effective control measures have been offered so far (Gustiene Pliura A et al -iForest 9: 12-22 2010, Pliura et al 2011, Lygis et al 2014. Consequently, the density of ash trees in a stand is often reduced to few individuals per hectare, meaning that the effective population size (Ne) has also decreased, thus compromising the genetic diversity of F. excelsior in mature stands and in regenerating offspring (Pliura et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation of Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families in response to ash dieback disease following simulated spring frost and summer drought treatments

Pliūra¹,

Lygis²,

Marčiulynienė³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Ten juvenile Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families from two Lithuanian populations have been tested in the controlled environment for their response to ash dieback disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, detecting changes of genetic variation and heritability, as well as estimating genotype by environment (G×E) interaction and phenotypic plasticity following artificial spring frost and summer drought treatments. In 2014, a batch of 200 four-year-old ash seedlings was used for each treatment and control (no treatment). Health condition, bud flushing phenology and height were assessed for each seedling, and disease incidence and survival ratios were assessed for each family both before (at the beginning of the vegetation season) and after the treatments (at the end of the vegetation season). Disease incidence ratio increased from 0.77-0.80 up to 0.90-0.95. Tree mortality rates during one vegetation season were significantly lower in the frost treatment (21%) than in the drought treatment (25%) or control (31%). None of the tested F. excelsior families were completely resistant to ash dieback, although significant among-family differences in disease incidence and damage rates suggest an additive mode of gene action and thus a quantitative resistance to the disease. Neither disease incidence rates, nor tree health condition scores differed significantly among the applied treatments (including control) indicating in general a negligible effect of the simulated adverse conditions on health status of the ash seedlings. However, G×E interaction was found to be significant (at P > 0.05) for disease incidence, length of necrotic shoots and tree survival, implying that susceptibility of ash families to the dieback disease unequally depends on environmental conditions, and indicating a presence of genetic variation in plasticity and reaction norms of the tested families across environments (treatments). Substantially increased coefficients of additive genetic variation and heritability in health condition following both frost and drought treatments and compared to control showed that simulated stress conditions may noticeably contribute to expression of differences among the tested F. excelsior families in their resistance traits, thus enabling a better evaluation of performance of different families, an effective family selection for resistance, and achievement of a marked genetic gain.

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Forest self-regeneration following clear-felling of dieback-affected Fraxinus excelsior: focus on ash

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

Mimosa pigra dieback in the Northern Territory, Australia: Investigation into possible causes

Genetic variation of Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families in response to ash dieback disease following simulated spring frost and summer drought treatments

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