Forested Arctic: Evidence from North Greenland

Funder, Svend; Abrahamsen, Niels; Bennike, Ole; Feyling-Hanssen, Rolf W.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<542:faefng>2.0.co;2

Cited by 142 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…The sediments of the Kap K0benhavn Formation on Perry Land in North Greenland seemed to belong to the transitional interval of the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, but they contained frequently wellpreserved remains of terrestrial vegetation and invertebrate faunas indicative of a forest tundra environment (potentially comparable to present conditions in Labrador, according to Funder et al, 1985). The marine deposits hitherto did not provide a similar record until Leg 151 drilled in Fram Strait and on Yermak Plateau.…”

Section: The Late Pliocene Warm Eventmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One of the major paleoclimatically significant recent observations is the data from Northeast Greenland, where Funder et al (1985) found evidence for a warming episode intercalated into glacial sequences. The sediments of the Kap K0benhavn Formation on Perry Land in North Greenland seemed to belong to the transitional interval of the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, but they contained frequently wellpreserved remains of terrestrial vegetation and invertebrate faunas indicative of a forest tundra environment (potentially comparable to present conditions in Labrador, according to Funder et al, 1985).…”

Section: The Late Pliocene Warm Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

Thiede¹,

Myhre²

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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During Leg 151, seven locations were drilled in the western Norwegian-Greenland Sea, in Fram Strait, and on the Yermak Plateau. These sites allow us to address the paleoceanographic and climatic history of the surface-and bottom-water masses in high Northern Hemisphere deep-sea basins, of the mode and pattern of water exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea through Fram Strait, and the Neogene and Quaternary history of glaciation of the surrounding shelves and land regions. A detailed and well-developed pelagic biochronology has been defined for all of the sites, allowing correlation of their stratigraphic record to sedimentary sequences from lower latitudes. Except for a few short-lived interruptions caused by hiatuses, the entire paleoceanographic history from the Eocene, when the Norwegian-Greenland Sea was small and narrow, to the Quaternary can be described.When the Norwegian-Greenland Sea was small and consisted of a sequence of narrow basins, surface water penetrated the area from the North Atlantic Ocean and brought temperate to subtropical siliceous faunas and floras. Only during the latter part of the Oligocene and the early part of the Miocene did cool to temperate water develop. The first signs of marine ice covers or the presence of icebergs developed during the late Miocene, earlier on the Iceland Plateau, later in the northern and eastern part of the investigated region. The influence of the marine ice covers and of the influx of icebergs, first from Greenland and later from northwestern Europe, increased during the course of the Pliocene until it reached an important threshold approximately 3 to 4 Ma off southern Greenland and only 2.6 Ma in Fram Strait and off northwestern Europe. This is interpreted as an increase in the dynamics and growth of the ice caps on either side of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.In the course of the Pliocene and Quaternary, rapid changes between glacials and interglacials can be observed. Some of the sediment properties reflect Milankovitch frequencies: in the earlier part of the history these were mainly obliquity-related; during the past 600-700 k.y. that were mainly eccentricity-related. A temperate interval in the middle Pliocene interrupted the history of the delivery of ice-rafting even in Fram Strait and coincided well with the development of boreal forests on northeastern Greenland. Site 907 on the central Iceland Plateau received large quantities of volcanic ash related to the volcanism developed on Iceland and potentially also on Jan Mayen. Site 908 on the Hovgàrd Ridge allows us to address the tectonic history of the opening of Fram Strait and of the subsidence of the Hovgárd "microcontinent." The drill sites of the Yermak Plateau are heavily influenced by sediments related to the development of glaciation on Svalbard. Site 910 penetrated a clearly overconsolidated part of the sequence and seems to have been overridden by the Svalbard ice cap, prior to -600 ka.

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Section: The Late Pliocene Warm Eventmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Late Pliocene Warm Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

Thiede¹,

Myhre²

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…Land-sea links -Funder et al [33] demonstrated that northern-most Greenland was forested in the late Pliocene. ACEX goals included the study of the sediment to extract fossil evidence of temperature change to determine if this warming was local or regional, whether seaice was present during these warm Greenland times, and if biogenic carbonate was preserved in the Arctic Basin at this time.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

Backman

Moran

2009

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:The Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) proved to be one of the most transformational missions in almost 40 year of scientific ocean drilling. ACEX recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the Arctic Ocean and extended earlier piston core records from ∼1.5 Ma back to ∼56 Ma. The results have had a major impact in paleoceanography even though the recovered sediments represents only 29% of Cenozoic time. The missing time intervals were primarily the result of two unexpected hiatuses. This important Cenozoic paleoceanographic record was reconstructed from a total of 339 m sediments. The wide range of analyses conducted on the recovered material, along with studies that integrated regional tectonics and geophysical data, produced surprising results including high Arctic Ocean surface water temperatures and a hydrologically active climate during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the occurrence of a fresher water Arctic in the Eocene, ice-rafted debris as old as middle Eocene, a middle Eocene environment rife with organic carbon, and ventilation of the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait near the early-middle Miocene boundary. Taken together, these results have transformed our view of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean and its role in the Earth climate system.

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“…The Tertiary and Quaternary sediment cores of the Norwe gian-Greenland Sea document mainly the evolution of the ma rine depositional environment, which appears to have been domi nated by a glacial mode of circulation for most of the time since 2.5-2.6 Ma. Recent observations (Funder et al, 1985) suggest, however, that northeastern Greenland was covered by boreal for ests during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, which con tradicts the oceanic data. Hence, more work must be carried out before a detailed correlation of the paleoclimate over the adja cent continents and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea paleoceanography is possible.…”

Section: Framework For Reconstruction Of the Depositional Paleoenviromentioning

confidence: 77%

The Norwegian Continental Margin: Tectonic, Volcanic, and Paleoenvironmental Framework

Eldholm¹,

Thiede²,

Taylor³

1989

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Forested Arctic: Evidence from North Greenland

Cited by 142 publications

References 0 publications

The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

The Norwegian Continental Margin: Tectonic, Volcanic, and Paleoenvironmental Framework

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