Forests buffer thermal fluctuation better than non-forests

Lin, Hua; Tu, Chuanyi; Fang, Junyong; Gioli, Beniamino; Loubet, Benjamin; Gruening, Carsten; Zhou, Guoyi; Beringer, Jason; Huang, Jian‐Guo; Dusek, J.T.; Liddell, Michael J.; Buysse, Pauline; Shi, Peili; Song, Qinghai; Han, Shijie; Magliulo, Vincenzo; Li, Yingnian; Grace, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107994

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Overall, changes in species replacement and richness appeared to be less predictable, and more complex and variable in dry habitats than in forests. Although the patterns that we detected may be idiosyncratic to our model system, they may also reflect the greater inherent instability and variability of (insular) open habitat assemblages (Lin et al, 2020), more exposed to climatic changes and, in the case of spiders, to wind-driven dispersal.…”

Section: Community Variation Across Geographic Scalesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deficit of humidity, for instance, may increase dissimilarity between communities throughout time within habitats (Tsafack et al, 2019). This pattern may be the result of smaller fluctuations (greater stability) in the levels of humidity (usually correlated with temperature) in forests than in open habitats, due to the protective effect of the canopy (Lin et al, 2020). However, beta diversity (as a measure of community dissimilarity) has also been found to be greater between localities within forests than between localities within grasslands (Picone, 2000; Stanton, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages

Malumbres‐Olarte

Rigal

Girardello

et al. 2021

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. Location The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). Taxon Spiders (Araneae). Methods We established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non‐parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD. Results Communities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests. Main conclusions Habitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies.

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Section: Community Variation Across Geographic Scalesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages

Malumbres‐Olarte

Rigal

Girardello

et al. 2021

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Forest canopies buffer microclimate extremes, functioning as a thermal insulator for biotic and abiotic ecosystems in the understorey [43][44][45]. The capacity of forests to buffer microclimate have been reported for temperature [43,[46][47][48], humidity and vapor pressure deficit [42,[49][50][51], while the attenuating effects of forest canopies are well established for radiation [52], wind speed [53][54][55] and throughfall [56,57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Structure Drives Fuel Moisture Response across Alternative Forest States

Brown

Inbar

Duff

et al. 2021

Fire

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Climate warming is expected to increase fire frequency in many productive obligate seeder forests, where repeated high-intensity fire can initiate stand conversion to alternative states with contrasting structure. These vegetation–fire interactions may modify the direct effects of climate warming on the microclimatic conditions that control dead fuel moisture content (FMC), which regulates fire activity in these high-productivity systems. However, despite the well-established role of forest canopies in buffering microclimate, the interaction of FMC, alternative forest states and their role in vegetation–fire feedbacks remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that FMC dynamics across alternative states would vary to an extent meaningful for fire and that FMC differences would be attributable to forest structural variability, with important implications for fire-vegetation feedbacks. FMC was monitored at seven alternative state forested sites that were similar in all aspects except forest type and structure, and two proximate open-weather stations across the Central Highlands in Victoria, Australia. We developed two generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) using daily independent and autoregressive (i.e., lagged) input data to test the importance of site properties, including lidar-derived forest structure, in predicting FMC from open weather. There were distinct differences in fuel availability (days when FMC < 16%, dry enough to sustain fire) leading to positive and negative fire–vegetation feedbacks across alternative forest states. Both the independent (r2 = 0.551) and autoregressive (r2 = 0.936) models ably predicted FMC from open weather. However, substantial improvement between models when lagged inputs were included demonstrates nonindependence of the automated fuel sticks at the daily level and that understanding the effects of temporal buffering in wet forests is critical to estimating FMC. We observed significant random effects (an analogue for forest structure effects) in both models (p < 0.001), which correlated with forest density metrics such as light penetration index (LPI). This study demonstrates the importance of forest structure in estimating FMC and that across alternative forest states, differences in fuel availability drive vegetation–fire feedbacks with important implications for forest flammability.

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“…Makino and Kawata (2012) and Tamate et al (2014) showed that the range of habitat climate is positively correlated with P D . Forests can buffer the climate (e.g., De Frenne et al 2019; Lin et al 2020). Therefore, it is conceivable that the range of climatic conditions was narrower in the forest than in open areas and forest edges, and that it may be related to P D of Cuban Anolis lizards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft genome of six Cuban Anolis lizards and insights into genetic changes during the diversification

Kanamori

Díaz²,

Cádiz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The detection of various type of genomic variants and their accumulation processes during species diversification and adaptive radiation is important for understanding the molecular and genetic basis of evolution. Anolis lizards in the West Indies are good models for studying the mechanism of the evolution because of the repeated evolution of their morphology and the ecology. In this study, we performed de novo genome assembly of six Cuban Anolis lizards with different ecomorphs and thermal habitats (Anolis isolepis, Anolis allisoni, Anolis porcatus, Anolis allogus, Anolis homolechis, and Anolis sagrei). As a result, we obtained six novel draft genomes with relatively long and high gene completeness, with scaffold N50 ranging from 5.56–39.79 Mb, and vertebrate Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs completeness ranging from 77.5% to 86.9%. Subsequently, we performed comparative analysis of genomic contents including those of mainland Anolis lizards to estimate genetic variations that had emerged and accumulated during the diversification of Anolis lizards. Comparing the repeat element compositions and repeat landscapes revealed differences in the accumulation process between Cuban trunk-crown and trunk-ground species, LTR accumulation observed only in A. carolinensis, and separate expansions of several families of LINE in each of Cuban trunk-ground species. The analysis of duplicated genes suggested that the proportional difference of duplicated gene number among Cuban Anolis lizards may be associated to the difference of their habitat range. Furthermore, Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent analysis proposed that the effective population sizes of each species might have been affected by Cuba’s geohistory. Hence, these six novel draft genome assemblies and detected genetic variations can be a springboard for the further genetic elucidation of the Anolis lizard’s diversification.SignificanceAnolis lizard in the West Indies is excellent model for studying the mechanisms of speciation and adaptive evolution. Still, due to a lack of genome assemblies, genetic variations and accumulation process of them involved in the diversification remain largely unexplored. In this study, we reported the novel genome assemblies of six Cuban Anolis lizards and analyzed evolution of genome contents. From comparative genomic analysis and inferences of genetic variation accumulation process, we detected species- and lineage-specific transposon accumulation processes and gene copy number evolution, considered to be associated with the adaptation to their habitats. Additionally, we estimated past effective population sizes and the results suggested its relationship to Cuba’s geohistory.

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Forests buffer thermal fluctuation better than non-forests

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages

Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages

Forest Structure Drives Fuel Moisture Response across Alternative Forest States

Draft genome of six Cuban Anolis lizards and insights into genetic changes during the diversification

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