is a harpacticoid family highly specialised for life in continental groundwater, and its members are almost exclusively restricted to this habitat (Galassi and De Laurentiis, 2004). They are, however, distributed on all continents except Antarctica and New Zealand (Karanovic, 2004), remarkable considering that stygofauna has a limited active dispersal potential and lacks resting stages that could be dispersed passively (Culver and Pipan, 2009). Because parastenocaridids have no marine relatives or modern pathways between different continents (Boxshall and Jaume, 2000), it has been postulated that they have a Pangean origin (Karanovic, 2006). In Australia, for example, Karanovic (2004) speculated that they started colonising subterranean waters just after the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation, which spread throughout much of what will subsequently become Gondwana supercontinent and covered the entire Australian plate (Frakes, 1999; Playford, 2003). This makes it likely that present distributions of most parastenocaridids are a result of continental drift (Boxshall and Jaume, 2000), and thus an ideal group to study vicariance models in zoogeography. Unfortunately, no research has been done on their phylogeography so far, except for three genera from Australia (Karanovic and Cooper, 2011a; 2011b). Vicariance has been considered to be a more acceptable hypothesis for explaining zoogeographic connections of freshwater subterranean faunas