“…Peripheral aspects might include certain moral or ethical values such as altruism, compassion, and humility (VanderStoep, 2003;Sperry & Shafranske, 2005;Jones, 2006); philosophical assumptions such as free will, holism, and transcendence (Richards & Bergin, 2005, chap. 4;Vander-Stoep, 2003); or "spiritual" activities such as meditation, mindfulness, and forgiveness (Hardman, Berrett, & Richards, 2004;Krejci, 2004). Although these characteristics can be closely related to theism, conceptually and historically, they are not uniquely or inherently theistic (Taylor, 2007).…”