Forgiveness in PTSD after man-made traumatic events: A systematic review.

Cerci, Deniz; Colucci, Erminia

doi:10.1037/trm0000130

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our finding that forgiveness of others did not mediate other moderators as a risk factor could also be explained. Those results might contradict a previous systematic review of studies involving participants with experience of man-made trauma which explained that the majority of studies reviewed found a significant correlation between forgiveness of others and symptomatology that was posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Cerci & Colucci, 2018). However, there was a study supporting the current result that forgiveness of others in victims of man-made trauma was not associated with PTSD symptoms.…”

Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Which dimensions of forgiveness mediate and moderate childhood trauma and depression? Insights to prevent suicide risk among university students

Rahmandani¹,

Salma²,

Kaloeti³

et al. 2022

Health Psychology Report

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BackgroundCollege students who are depressed as a direct or indirect effect of childhood trauma are at risk of suicide. Although for-giveness buffers mental health problems, there are inconsistencies in the results according to the object of forgiveness. This study aimed to examine the role of forgiveness, both as a mediator and as a moderator, for the association between childhood trauma and depression among university students.Participants and procedureThe sample comprised 398 students from a university in Semarang, Indonesia (M = 18.60, SD = 0.60, male = 26.1%) ob-tained through cluster random sampling. Measurements used were the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) question-naire, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Forgiveness Scale which contained the dimensions of self, others, and situations.ResultsThe path analysis and the investigation of CI result showed that forgiveness mediated the relationship between ACEs and depression. Forgiveness of self and situations were also mediating, but not forgiveness of others. On the other hand, the moderating effect only applied to the forgiveness of others, the effect of which increased positively when the level was high.ConclusionsThe result of this study indicates how the addition of ACEs affects lower level of forgiveness, thus explaining the higher level of depression among college students. Only forgiveness of others among the dimensions of forgiveness is not deter-mined by the number of ACEs, but its increase determines the addition of depression level when there are more ACEs. The discussions highlight the mechanism of each dimension, contribution of collectivistic culture, different types of ACEs and limited incidence of ACEs among the general college student population.

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Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Which dimensions of forgiveness mediate and moderate childhood trauma and depression? Insights to prevent suicide risk among university students

Rahmandani¹,

Salma²,

Kaloeti³

et al. 2022

Health Psychology Report

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This personalized understanding of evil also aligns with the study of Cerci and Colucci (2018), in which victims make a distinction between collaborators and those primarily responsible for evil. This would explain why some participants did not harbor bitterness or anger toward the actual individuals that that they witnessed committing acts of evil, such as prison guards beating prisoners, as participants understood that those people were just following orders handed down from the government.…”

Section: Correspondence With a Personalized Understanding Of Evilmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Scholars have written extensively about the North Korean refugee experience in relation to the concept of Juche (Belke, 1999;Cho, 2002;Kim et al, 2008;Holmes and Hong, 2022;Ulferts and Howard, 2017), the phenomenon of defection (Chun, 2020;Emery et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2019;Lee, 2017), refugees' adjustment to South Korea (Poorman, 2019;Yeom and Ward, 2015), and their experiences of trauma (Han et al, 2020;Kim and Atteraya, 2018;Wolman, 2013). Additionally, there is much known about the religious understanding of evil (Bradley et al, 2017(Bradley et al, , 2018Bradshaw and Fitchett, 2003;Wilt et al, 2016;Daugherty et al, 2008;Hall et al, 2019;Hale-Smith et al, 2012), along with nonreligious understandings and descriptions of evil (Ahmadi et al, 2017;Alford, 1997;Cerci and Colucci, 2018;Matos et al, 2021). However, as some North Korean refugees have embraced Christianity (Jun et al, 2020), little is known as to how these individuals understand and describe evil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Korean Christian refugee understanding of evil

Klejment-Lavin

2022

Missiology

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The purpose of this article is to describe how North Korean refugee understanding of evil can shape missionary practice in the Korean Peninsula. The central research question guiding this study was, how do North Korean Christian refugees describe evil based on their lived experiences? Using purposeful sampling and snowball sampling, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 North Korean Christian refugees who were living in South Korea in 2021. The findings indicated that North Korean Christian refugees understand evil as the oppression of the vulnerable, primarily due to human activities, and as exemplified through governmental actions, human trafficking, and sexual violence. This study also discusses how North Korean Refugees understand evil in light of theology, specifically teleology and theodicy, and explores how their understanding resonates with historic Christian beliefs in Korea as found in the views of Augustine Chong Yak-Chong, Alexander Sayong Hwang, and Thomas An Chunggun. Furthermore, this study’s findings provide practical implications for Christian ministry and theodicy as well as the sensitization of practitioners who work with North Korean refugees, specifically, to encourage practitioners to subvert the oppressive narratives that North Koreans are responsible for the evil that befalls them, and to be aware that refugees may have been traumatized by their own compatriots.

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“…There is evidence to suggest that higher levels of forgiveness are associated with lower PTSD symptoms, yet this association fluctuates depending on the samples’ demographics (Cerci & Colucci, 2018). Empirical examination of forgiveness is difficult due to the variety of measurements available (Cerci & Colucci, 2018) and the lay concept of forgiveness may be different than the research conceptualization (i.e., forgetting, excusing, reconciling, condoning; Kearns & Fincham, 2004). In the current sample, as hypothesized, forgiveness of the situation was negatively associated with PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the maladaptive cognitions of moral injury within a primarily combat-trauma military sample.

Boska¹,

Capron²

2021

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prominent mental health condition that affects military personnel. Moral injury is another mental health concern among military personnel that requires further investigation. Moral injury results when the individual is exposed to a situation or event that violates their moral code. Meanwhile, PTSD results when there is a substantial threat of harm. Although distorted cognitions are core components of PTSD symptomatology, there is no research of cognitions in moral injury. The current study examined how maladaptive cognitions (i.e., self-worth and judgment, threat of harm, forgiveness of the situation reliability, trustworthiness of others, forgiveness of others, forgiveness of self, and atonement) may be associated with either moral injury or PTSD. Method: Participants (N = 253) were recruited online and eligible for the study if they endorsed a previous deployment, answered military-specific questions, and reported clinical levels of distress on PTSD and Moral Injury self-report measures. An overwhelming majority of participants experienced foreign deployment(s; 90.1%). Results: Data indicated that moral injury was defined by atonement, self-worth and judgment, reliability and trustworthiness of others, and forgiveness of others while PTSD was defined by threat of harm and forgiveness of the situation. Forgiveness of self was not associated with moral injury nor PTSD. Conclusion: The results highlighted that moral injury and PTSD are associated with distinct maladaptive cognitions. The results of the current study can assist in treatment of moral injury and PTSD by identifying the maladaptive cognitions specific to moral injury that may be targets for change during treatment. Clinical Impact StatementPrevious research on trauma-related mental health issues have focused primarily on PTSD; however, research should also examine moral injury. Although distorted cognitions are core components of PTSD symptomatology, there is a lack of research identifying distorted cognitions within moral injury. The current study sought to identify specific cognitions associated with moral injury or PTSD. Our results highlighted that moral injury and PTSD are distinct regarding maladaptive cognitions. It may benefit clinical treatment to identify and recognize the maladaptive cognitions when treating moral injury or PTSD.

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Forgiveness in PTSD after man-made traumatic events: A systematic review.

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Which dimensions of forgiveness mediate and moderate childhood trauma and depression? Insights to prevent suicide risk among university students

Which dimensions of forgiveness mediate and moderate childhood trauma and depression? Insights to prevent suicide risk among university students

North Korean Christian refugee understanding of evil

Exploring the maladaptive cognitions of moral injury within a primarily combat-trauma military sample.

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