Forgiveness, spiritual instability, mental health symptoms, and well-being: Mediator effects of differentiation of self.

Sandage, Steven J.; Jankowski, Peter J.

doi:10.1037/a0019124

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Past research has indicated that higher differentiation is related to a greater capacity to forgive and to lower levels of dating violence (Holeman et al, 2011;Rosen et al, 2001;Sandage & Jankowski, 2010). Our models reflected the nature of these relationships by indicating higher capacities to forgive related to lower levels of offspring dating violence perpetration and victimization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Forgiveness as a Mediator of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence

Rivera

Fincham

2014

J Interpers Violence

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Bowen Family Systems Theory and Social Learning Theory served as a framework for examining the potential role of offspring maternal forgiveness in the intergenerational transmission (IGT) of violence. Using 285 emerging adults, we tested the hypotheses that higher accounts of witnessed interpersonal violence perpetrated by either parent would relate to increased reports of dating violence, and that offspring's capacity to forgive mothers for current transgressions would mediate this relationship. Witnessing interpersonal violence perpetrated by either parent significantly related to offspring dating violence perpetration and victimization. In addition, witnessing violence perpetrated by either parent significantly related to offspring dating violence perpetration, via offspring's capacity to forgive. Contrary to expectation, offspring's capacity to forgive mothers did not mediate the link between father-perpetrated violence and dating violence victimization; however, it did serve as mediator in the association between mother-perpetrated violence and offspring dating violence victimization. Overall, the findings suggest that witnessing violence perpetrated by either parent explains a portion of the variance in offspring dating violence indirectly through offspring's capacity to forgive mothers for current transgressions. The present study contributes to previous research on the IGT of violence by identifying forgiveness as a mechanism in which intimate partner violence is transmitted generationally. Implications and future directions are discussed for researchers and clinicians.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Forgiveness as a Mediator of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence

Rivera

Fincham

2014

J Interpers Violence

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“…In forgiving, people need to tell the truth about the offender and the injustice while transforming unforgiving and retributive responses so they are constructive, prosocial, and can genuinely promote flourishing (Witvliet, 2012). Concerns for victim safety (Gordon, Burton, & Porter, 2004;McNulty, 2010), self-differentiation (Sandage & Jankowski, 2010), self-concept clarity, and self-respect (Luchies, Finkel, McNulty, & Kumashiro, 2010) are important for setting the boundary conditions of a just forgiveness that is morally grounded, promotes responsible healing, and does not excuse, minimize, or tolerate injustice . Empathy and compassion are responses that are typically directed toward others who are victims deserving of help when one has the resources to assist, according to the appraisal model of Goetz, Keltner, and Simon-Thomas (2010).…”

Section: Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming or restraining rumination: The impact of compassionate reappraisal versus emotion suppression on empathy, forgiveness, and affective psychophysiology

Witvliet

Mohr

Hinman

et al. 2014

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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We tested the effects of practicing compassionate reappraisal vs. emotional suppression as direct coping responses to victims' ruminations about a past interpersonal offense. Participants (32 females, 32 males) were randomly assigned to learn one coping strategy which immediately followed three of six offense rumination trials (counterbalanced). For both strategy types, coping (vs. offense ruminating) reduced ratings of negative emotion, decreased the use of negative emotion language, and reduced tension at the brow muscle (corrugator EMG). Only compassionate reappraisal coping (vs. offense rumination) immediately prompted greater empathy and emotional forgiveness toward the offender. Empathy ratings for the first coping trial mediated the relationship between strategy type and empathy ratings for the final rumination trial. Compassionate reappraisal strategy participants increased their empathy toward the offender while ruminating at the end of the study. Compassionate reappraisal participants (vs. emotional suppression) described coping (vs. rumination) with more positive language, and also had calmer cardiac pre-ejection period responses.

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“…Additionally, research has shown that in healthy families, individual family members tend to develop differentiation and skills for affect regulation that are associated with psychological adjustment, well‐being, and self‐control (Sandage & Jankowski, ; Skowron, Wester, & Azen, ). Furthermore, high levels of DoS predict better interpersonal functioning and higher marital satisfaction and quality (Gubbins, Perosa, & Bartle‐Haring, ; Lampis, Busonera, Cataudella, Tommasi, & Skowron, 2016; Peleg, ; Timm & Keiley, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cultural Lens Approach to Bowen Family Systems Theory: Contributions of Family Change Theory

Erdem

Safi

2018

J of Family Theo & Revie

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An accumulation of theoretical and empirical work focuses on expanding Bowen family systems theory (BFST) to be more culturally expansive by including gender, ethnicity, race, social class, and sexual orientation, as well as family history, values, and rituals. In the current article, we contribute to the discussion of culture in BFST and move the question of diversity from how family processes are different to why they are different. Utilizing Hardin and colleagues' cultural lens approach, we discuss the cultural validity of BFST, more specifically the concept of differentiation of self and its premises, in five steps. Further, we propose the integration of Kağıtçıbaşı's family change theory and Carter and McGoldrick's multicultural perspective with BFST and offer cultural examples. Potential contributions and limitations of the cultural lens approach in expanding our understanding BFST are discussed, as are implications for research and clinical practice.

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Forgiveness, spiritual instability, mental health symptoms, and well-being: Mediator effects of differentiation of self.

Cited by 75 publications

References 56 publications

Forgiveness as a Mediator of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence

Forgiveness as a Mediator of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence

Transforming or restraining rumination: The impact of compassionate reappraisal versus emotion suppression on empathy, forgiveness, and affective psychophysiology

The Cultural Lens Approach to Bowen Family Systems Theory: Contributions of Family Change Theory

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