Formability and properties of self-standing clay film by montmorillonite with different interlayer cations

RETRACTED: Influence of alkali metal cations on the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of rectorite/chitosan bio-nanocomposite films

“…Moreover, it has been reported that the clays with divalent cations, such as: Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ swell poorly when compared with monovalent cation. This may be the result of the fact that the interplatelet repulsion in the case of monovalent interlayer cations is stronger and the platelets are highly delaminated (Luckham & Rossi, 1999;Montes-H et al, 2003;Nam et al, 2009). The results suggest that the metal cations affect the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan nanocomposite films for packaging applications.…”

“…In contrast, the XRD pattern of REC/CS and CsREC/CS films showed no significant change in the basal spacing. This may be due the monovalent and large cations that stabilize the one-layer hydration over a wide range of relative humidity, whereas small divalent cations stabilize the two-layer of hydration (Nam et al, 2009;Norrish, 1954;Yariv & Lapides, 2003).…”

“…(Greenwell et al, 2006;Laird, 2006;Montes-H, Duplay, Martinez, Geraud, & RoussetTournier, 2003;Sato, Watanabe, & Otsuka, 1992;Skipper et al, 2006;Tamura, Yamada, & Nakazawa, 2000). According to Nam, Ebina, and Mizukami (2009) the Na/Ca-type montmorillonite clays are common as ion-exchangeable clays in dissimilar environments. Na-montmorillonite is known to swell significantly in aqueous solution when compared to Ca-montmorillonite.…”

“…The suspension was agitated on a shaker at a speed of 200 rpm at room temperature, for 4 h and centrifuged for 12 h. The NaREC and LiREC swelled in water and became a thixotropic gel. Other REC samples produced less viscous dispersions; some of the particles settled immediately when shaking ceased (Nam et al, 2009). The supernatant was decanted and replaced with fresh chloride salt solution.…”

Organic modification of montmorillonite for application in plasticized PVC nanocomposites

“…The results from the TGA analyses indicate that the pure modifiers have a single step of mass loss and that the mass loss temperature increases with increasing molecular weight (data not shown). Nam et al (2009) investigated the formability of self-standing clay mineral film using Mts with different interlayer cations. Their work showed that films formed from clay minerals containing monovalent interlayer cations had ordered layered structures while clay minerals with polyvalent cations formed poorly ordered layered films.…”