Formal and informal flood governance in Jakarta, Indonesia

Voorst, Roanne van

doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.023

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Next to the formal adaptation measures foreseen in the NCICD, flood-affected communities and households in Jakarta heavily engage in small-scale and informal adaptation measures [15,43,44]. Similar to the earlier JCDS, also the NCICD was developed by a consortium of Indonesian and Dutch organization, including government planning agencies, research institutes and consultancy firms.…”

Section: Risk Reduction and Adaptation Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next to the formal adaptation measures foreseen in the NCICD, flood-affected communities and households in Jakarta heavily engage in small-scale and informal adaptation measures [15,43,44]. These include individual as well as collective measures, e.g., raising the housing levels or constructing small-scale water barriers around settlements.…”

Section: Risk Reduction and Adaptation Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Jakarta’s New Flood Risk Reduction Strategy Transformational?

2018

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On a conceptual and normative level, the debate around transformation in the context of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation has been rising sharply over the recent years. Yet, whether and how transformation occurs in the messy realities of policy and action, and what separates it from other forms of risk reduction, is far from clear. Jakarta appears to be the perfect example to study these questions. It is amongst the cities with the highest flood risk in the world. Its flood hazard is driven by land subsidence, soil sealing, changes in river discharge, and-increasingly-sea level rise. As all of these trends are set to continue, Jakarta's flood hazard is expected to intensify in the future. Designing and implementing large-scale risk reduction and adaption measures therefore has been a priority of risk practitioners and policy-makers at city and national level. Against this background, the paper draws on a document analysis and original empirical household survey data to review and evaluate current adaptation measures and to analyze in how far they describe a path that is transformational from previous risk reduction approaches. The results show that the focus is clearly on engineering solutions, foremost in the Giant Sea Wall project. The project is likely to transform the city's flood hydrology. However, it cements rather than transforms the current risk management paradigm which gravitates around the goal of controlling flood symptoms, rather than addressing their largely anthropogenic root causes. The results also show that the planned measures are heavily contested due to concerns about ecological impacts, social costs, distributional justice, public participation, and long-term effectiveness. On the outlook, the results therefore suggest that the more the flood hazard intensifies in the future, the deeper a societal debate will be needed about the desired pathway in flood risk reduction and overall development planning-particularly with regards to the accepted levels of transformation, such as partial retreat from the most flood-affected areas.

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Section: Risk Reduction and Adaptation Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next to the formal adaptation measures foreseen in the NCICD, flood-affected communities and households in Jakarta heavily engage in small-scale and informal adaptation measures [15,43,44]. These include individual as well as collective measures, e.g., raising the housing levels or constructing small-scale water barriers around settlements.…”

Section: Risk Reduction and Adaptation Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Jakarta’s New Flood Risk Reduction Strategy Transformational?

2018

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“…The elevated floor in stilts was reintroduced although it was not used anymore in Javanese traditional buildings. The high platform was originally for rice granary in South-east Asia region (Widodo, 2012) and it is technically the most suggested house's structural system for facing flood disaster (FEMA, 2014). Stilt house was reutilized to increase the dwelling's floor level to save the occupants from overflowing water both from the stream and the up-per bank in the rainy season while for accommodating a gathering in the sunny season.…”

Section: The Dwelling and Natural Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of inhabitant as well as the household is then always swelling from about 70 (35) in 1992 to 168 (62) in 2001, 224 (73) in 2012, and 344 (97) in 2018, and has made the settlement progressively overloaded. The settlement were occupied illegally without any environmental infrastructure as a characteristic of slum (UN-Habitat, 2016) or poor living condition outside the formal planning effort with negative impacts in many area of life (Friesen, Taubenböck, Wurm, & Pelz, 2018). As the dwellings number is rapidly increasing; crime, disease, illiteracy, and unemployment are also rise up (Nisbett, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kampung Code, one of Code's riverbank settlements on the east bank of the northern part of the city, was one of the significant problems as well as very well-known solution for the humanitarian project as self-help dwelling program led by Mangunwijaya in 90's by unique architecture dealing with the social and environmental issues. Kampung (Indonesian/Malay) or kampong (Cambodian) was originally the term used for a waterfront settlement (Widodo, 2012) which lately has been adopted widely as kampong. Kampung in Indonesian cities is a residential part which is self-developed by the people to resolve their problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Riverbank Settlement and Humanitarian Architecture, the Case of Mangunwijaya’s Dwellings and 25 Years After, Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Idham

2018

Journal of Architecture and Urbanism

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Code riverbank has drawn worldwide attention since 90’s when Architect Mangunwijaya involved in the dispute of urban riverside settlement in Yogyakarta. Struggling for the slum between the municipality and the dwellers gradually dwindled, and one of most significant causes was his humanitarian dwelling self-help scheme on Kampung Code. The project, which was later recognized by Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1992, was not only purposed for reducing the tension but also promoting appropriate social order by considering the natural environment vulnerability. One of the poorest and most crook riverbank zones of the city had transformed to be a better environment with positive atmosphere afterward. Unfortunately, the project was hardly followed by other dwelling construction either in the site or other parts of the bank. This paper studies how the architecture could cure the social problems as well as resolve the environmental challenges and its sustainability. The social approaches done by Mangunwijaya and how he captured the high-risk of riverbank nature to the dwelling concepts were accessed. The results indicate that in spite of the riverside’s slum controversies, the architecture should be considered as a remedy both for social and natural problems.

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Flood mortality in SE Asia: Can palaeo‐historical information help save lives?

Ziegler¹,

Lim

Wasson

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Asia is one of the world's most flood-prone regions by many metrics: high flood magnitudes, frequency, severity; the number countries affected, the area of inundation; the number of people at risk; and importantly, flood-related fatalities (AIR, 2014; Luo, Maddoks, Iceland, Ward, & Winsemius, 2015; Table 1). With respect to mortality, nearly all the countries with more than 5,000 flood-related deaths since 1985 are from Asia (11 of 13; Table 1; Figure 1). As we write this commentary, flooding associated with tropical storm Nangka has caused more than 40 deaths in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam (Floodlist, 2020).

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Formal and informal flood governance in Jakarta, Indonesia

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Is Jakarta’s New Flood Risk Reduction Strategy Transformational?

Is Jakarta’s New Flood Risk Reduction Strategy Transformational?

Riverbank Settlement and Humanitarian Architecture, the Case of Mangunwijaya’s Dwellings and 25 Years After, Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Flood mortality in SE Asia: Can palaeo‐historical information help save lives?

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