Formal assessment of reliability specifications in embedded cyber-physical systems

Hazra, Aritra; Dasgupta, Pallab; Chakrabarti, P. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jal.2016.09.001

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The effects (robustness) of redundant connections are studied through the simulation of six kinds of topology [ 227 ]. To tradeoff between the cost and reliability, a formal specification of spatial and temporal redundancy based reliability is proposed; and a framework is designed to determine the maximum reliability with a recursive formulation [ 228 ].…”

Section: Self-healing Solution For Scpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on the Dependable Self-Management CPS: From Self-Adaptive Architecture to Self-Management Strategies

Zhou

Zuo

Hou

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has been a popular research area in the last decade. The dependability of CPS is still a critical issue, and few surveys have been published in this domain. CPS is a dynamic complex system, which involves various multidisciplinary technologies. To avoid human errors and to simplify management, self-management CPS (SCPS) is a wise choice. To achieve dependable self-management, systematic solutions are necessary to verify the design and to guarantee the safety of self-adaptation decisions, as well as to maintain the health of SCPS. This survey first recalls the concepts of dependability, and proposes a generic environment-in-loop processing flow of self-management CPS, and then analyzes the error sources and challenges of self-management through the formal feedback flow. Focusing on reducing the complexity, we first survey the self-adaptive architecture approaches and applied dependability means, then we introduce a hybrid multi-role self-adaptive architecture, and discuss the supporting technologies for dependable self-management at the architecture level. Focus on dependable environment-centered adaptation, we investigate the verification and validation (V&V) methods for making safe self-adaptation decision and the solutions for processing decision dependably. For system-centered adaptation, the comprehensive self-healing methods are summarized. Finally, we analyze the missing pieces of the technology puzzle and the future directions. In this survey, the technical trends for dependable CPS design and maintenance are discussed, an all-in-one solution is proposed to integrate these technologies and build a dependable organic SCPS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on dependable SCPS building and evaluation.

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Section: Self-healing Solution For Scpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on the Dependable Self-Management CPS: From Self-Adaptive Architecture to Self-Management Strategies

Zhou

Zuo

Hou

et al. 2019

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Manuel R. et al explored the role that diversity plays in defending the faults and attacks through qualitative analysis, the result shows that diversity can tolerate the common-mode failures but will introduce undetected failures [183]. To tradeoff between the cost and reliability, a formal specification of spatial and temporal redundancy based reliability is proposed; a framework is designed to determine the maximum reliability with a recursive formulation [184]. To design a fault tolerance CPS, spatial or temporal redundancy is the main solution.…”

Section: Modern Fault Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on Dependable Self-Managing CPS: The Decade of Researches on Correctness and Dependability

Zhou¹,

Hou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Though Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) become very popular in last the decade, dependability of CPS is still a critical issue and related survey is rare. We try to spell out the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the technical trends of dependable self-managing CPS. This survey first recalls the motivation and the similar concepts. By analyzing four generic architectures, we summarize the common characteristics and related assurance technologies, and propose a more generic environment-in-loop processing flow of CPS and a formal interaction flow between physical space and cyber space. Further, the similarity between correctness and dependability is formally analyzed and the new five research questions of dependable self-managing CPS are presented. Then we review the critical technologies and related correctness verification & validation (V&V) methods, the architectures for dependable self-managing CPS. Further, the detail dependability management and V&V technologies are surveyed, which covers the areas of running-time fault management methods and whole life cycle V&V technologies, maintenance and available tool sets. For holistic CPS development, Modeling techniques and MDE (model driven engineering) based V&V methods are analyzed in detail. Then we complete the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the missing part. Further, we propose the technical challenges and the further direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on dependable self-managing CPS development and evaluation.

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“…This paper presents, for the first time, a methodology for overlaying formal functional safety specifications with reliability annotations and estimating the resource requirement from such extended specifications. A formal specification enables the designer to lay out the strategy for redundant computations and/or actuations [16] and obtain a formal reliability guarantee for the strategy using the proposed method of analysis. Moreover since this is done at the specification level, our methodology provides early estimates of the resource requirements, thereby facilitating design space exploration, where the tradeoff between reliability and resource requirements can be studied using the proposed methodology until an acceptable balance is achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, our previous work [16] explores various reliable strategies enabled by the given reliability specifications and converges on a strategy that maximizes the reliability -thereby also pointing out whether the specified reliability targets are attainable for every functionality of the design. In our level of abstraction, an action represents a discrete control event which is enabled by a logically defined pre-condition (sense) and achieves a logically specified consequent (outcome) when executed successfully on the underlying computational platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Stage Resource Estimation from Functional Reliability Specification in Embedded Cyber-Physical Systems

V.¹,

Hazra²,

Dasgupta³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Reliability and fault tolerance are critical attributes of embedded cyber-physical systems that require a high safety-integrity level. For such systems, the use of formal functional safety specifications has been strongly advocated in most industrial safety standards, but reliability and fault tolerance have traditionally been treated as platform issues. We believe that addressing reliability and fault tolerance at the functional safety level widens the scope for resource optimization, targeting those functionalities that are safety-critical, rather than the entire platform. Moreover, for software based control functionalities, temporal redundancies have become just as important as replication of physical resources, and such redundancies can be modeled at the functional specification level. The ability to formally model functional reliability at a specification level enables early estimation of physical resources and computation bandwidth requirements. In this paper we propose, for the first time, a resource estimation methodology from a formal functional safety specification augmented by reliability annotations. The proposed reliability specification is overlaid on the safety-critical functional specification and our methodology extracts a constraint satisfaction problem for determining the optimal set of resources for meeting the reliability target for the safety-critical behaviors. We use SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) / ILP (Integer Linear Programming) solvers at the back end to solve the optimization problem, and demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology on a Satellite Launch Vehicle Navigation, Guidance and Control (NGC) System.

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Formal assessment of reliability specifications in embedded cyber-physical systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on the Dependable Self-Management CPS: From Self-Adaptive Architecture to Self-Management Strategies

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on the Dependable Self-Management CPS: From Self-Adaptive Architecture to Self-Management Strategies

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on Dependable Self-Managing CPS: The Decade of Researches on Correctness and Dependability

Early-Stage Resource Estimation from Functional Reliability Specification in Embedded Cyber-Physical Systems

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