Formal Public Health Education and Career Outcomes of Medical School Graduates

Krousel‐Wood, Marie; He, Jiang; Booth, M.; Chen, Chung-Shiuan; Rice, Janet C.; Kahn, Marc J.; Maeshiro, Rika; Whelton, Paul K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039020

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Its current scope of practice is not with direct patient care. Similar to other countries, work is at local, regional and national levels [4–7], often in policy and leadership positions [8,9], in public institutions, in academia and research [5,10]. Specialists qualify through four-year university-based training progammes accredited by the HPCSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations of South African physicians specialising in public health

Zweigenthal

Pick

London

2018

Global Health Action

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Background: South African physicians can specialise in public health through a four-year ‘registrar’ programme. Despite national health policies that seemingly value public health (PH) approaches, the Public Health Medicine (PHM) speciality is largely invisible in the health services. Nevertheless, many physicians enrol for specialist training. Objectives: This study investigated physicians’ motivations for specialising in PHM, their intended career paths, perceptions of training, and perspectives about the future of the speciality. Methods: Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with specialists-in-training and newly qualified specialists, and thematic analysis of transcripts was performed. Results: Motivations, often driven by difficult experiences as young physicians in poorly resourced clinical settings, stemmed from a commitment to improving communities’ health and desire to impact on perceived failing health systems. Rather than ‘exiting’ the South African health service, selecting PHM specialist training enacted participants’ ‘loyalty’ to population health. Participants anticipated carving out their own careers due to an absence of public sector career paths. They believed specialists’ contribution centred on providing ‘public health intelligence’ – finding and interpreting information; supporting services through management and leadership; and inputting into policymaking and planning. Conclusions: Competencies of PHM specialists should be refined to inform and improve management of this scarce human resource for health. This is particularly important given the proposed major health reforms towards universal health coverage in South Africa presently. In addition, findings highlight the importance of physicians’ early work experiences where avenues for expressing ‘voice’, mediated by ‘loyalty’, could be utilised to improve public sector health systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations of South African physicians specialising in public health

Zweigenthal

Pick

London

2018

Global Health Action

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“…Likewise, a 2007-2009 cohort study at Tulane University showed, compared to those without an MPH, medical graduates with an MPH were more likely to work in academic or government institutions 10-20 years after graduation. The study also showed that MPH holders were 39.84 times (95% CI 12.13-107.38) more likely to practice public health, as well as conduct public health research and produce scholarly works (25).…”

Section: Comparison With Prior Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Training tomorrow’s doctors: the impact of a Student Selected Component in Global Health during medical school

Matthews

Walker

2020

Preprint

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Background Several reports highlight the importance of global health education (GHE) for training tomorrow’s doctors. In 2006, Newcastle University Medical School developed a Student Selected Component (SSC) in Global Health, which has since become increasingly popular. We followed up students who have undertaken the SSC in Global Health to assess the impact on their experience as practising clinicians and postgraduate career development. Methods We developed an electronic survey including questions about speciality choice, postgraduate qualifications, extracurricular activity and international work. Surveys were sent to 72 SSC participants identified between 2006–2017 through the Newcastle University Alumni and Supporters network and social media. Results Surveys were returned by 37 (51%) SSC participants; 25 (71%) and 16 (46%) believed the SSC had influenced their clinical practice and career choice respectively. Twenty-two (60%) obtained an intercalated degree programme, of whom nine (24.3%) did a Masters programme specifically in Global Health and four (10.8%) and two (5.4%) completed a Masters degree in Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases respectively, both key themes within GHE. Four (11%) undertook and ten (29%) were considering postgraduate study related to global health, of whom three (8.6%) specified undertaking a Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H) and one (2.9%) studying a Masters degree in Public Health. Five (14%) had and 19 (54%) were planning to work abroad, with most referring to work in humanitarian or low resource settings and GHE programmes. Conclusions Participation in an SSC in Global Health may affect significant positive change in student’s clinical practice and help inform academic and clinical career choice. Whilst a causative relationship cannot be inferred, the experience may support or increase the pursuit of further global health opportunities including additional qualifications, research and international health work. Medical schools that endeavour to produce graduates motivated to tackle the global health challenges of our society should champion comprehensive global health modules for students.

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“…The Organizational Justice Scale 5 was divided into distributive justice and procedural fairness sections. “Distributive justice”, using a questionnaire prepared by Marshfield, 8 refers to the results obtained by the perception of fairness, including five categories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current studies indicate that job burnout occurs frequently in professional practitioners who deal with other persons, such as teachers and health care practitioners. 4 , 5 Therefore, it is important to study job burnout among health care professionals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job burnout and organizational justice among medical interns in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Jin¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

2015

AMEP

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BackgroundNew challenges are occurring in the medical education in Mainland China, and the main risk is the loss of excellent physician candidates. This is due to lack of respect; a large, strong labor force; relatively low remuneration; unstable relationships between patients and doctors; pressures from the public media; and the possible existence of organizational injustice within the hospital. The study reported here looked at one of the in-hospital risks, psychological job burnout and organizational justice, to identify the possible internal cause–effect relationship at the two major general hospitals both affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.ObjectiveThe aim of the reported study was to analyze the related factors associated with job burnout in Chinese medical interns in Shanghai and to provide some suggestions to better their occupational development.MethodsA total of 135 medical interns were investigated and assessed by the Organizational Justice Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey.ResultsThere was a statistically significant negative correlation between organizational justice and job burnout (r=−0.298, P=0.000), suggesting the existence of job burnout among the participant interns. In particular, emotional exhaustion and cynicism were statistically more significant; the comparison between the N group (from Nanjing) and S group (Shanghai) showed significant difference in participation and reduced professional efficacy (P<0.05), with reduced professional efficacy in N group more significant than in S group, and participation in S group more significant than in N group.ConclusionJob burnout existed among Chinese medical interns, and was associated with fewer complaints and lower professional efficacy. Organizational justice should be promoted more, and school authorities should pay more attention to outside “non-home” interns. Finally, it is essential that the medical interns themselves establish reasonable judgment of their valuable profession.

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Formal Public Health Education and Career Outcomes of Medical School Graduates

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Motivations of South African physicians specialising in public health

Motivations of South African physicians specialising in public health

Training tomorrow’s doctors: the impact of a Student Selected Component in Global Health during medical school

Job burnout and organizational justice among medical interns in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Formal Public Health Education and Career Outcomes of Medical School Graduates

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Motivations of South African physicians specialising in public health

Motivations of South African physicians specialising in public health

Training tomorrow’s doctors: the impact of a Student Selected Component in Global Health during medical school

Job burnout and organizational justice among medical interns in Shanghai, People&rsquo;s Republic of China

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Job burnout and organizational justice among medical interns in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China