Formaldehyde and tobacco smoke as alkylating agents: The formation of N-methylenvaline in pathologists and in plastic laminate workers

Bono, Roberto; Romanazzi, Valeria; Pirro, Valentina; Degan, Raffaella; Pignata, Cristina; Suppo, Elisa; Pazzi, Marco; Vincenti, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.047

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…23,33,34 The personal airsamplers were equipped with a specific sorbent tube containing a 35-50 florisil mesh coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). DNPH reacts with FA yielding 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone which was subsequently quantified by the GC-MS technique.…”

Section: Personal Dosimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,36 Urinary creatinine (crea) was determined by the kinetic Jaffé procedure 38 so as to normalize the excretion rate of urinary cotinine. Ten ml of urine was transferred into a glass tube and 4 g NaCl, 500 μl 5 M NaOH and 10 μl of cotinine-d3 (internal standard) were added.…”

Section: Urinary Cotininementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,46 To estimate the smoking status of the study population, the urinary cotinine was measured by the GC-MS assay, 33,37 since this nicotine metabolite is considered to be a reliable indicator of tobacco smoking. 35 The GC-MS analysis showed that the levels of urinary cotinine were 1064 ± 118 ng ml −1 and 14.18 ± 2.5 ng ml −1 in smokers and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001.…”

Section: Urinary Cotininementioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 M 1 dG adducts have been examined in the nasal epithelial cells using the 32 P-DNA post-labeling technique, 25,[29][30][31][32] whereas the indoor levels of FA have been measured by using passive personal air samplers using the gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. 23,33,34 The tobacco smoking status has also been estimated by measuring the levels of urinary cotinine, an indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, 35 using the GC-MS assay. 33,36,37 Experimental…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,33,34 The tobacco smoking status has also been estimated by measuring the levels of urinary cotinine, an indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, 35 using the GC-MS assay. 33,36,37 Experimental…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

et al. 2016

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Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous volatile organic compound widely used for various industrial purposes. Formaldehyde was reclassified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a human carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence for a casual role for nasopharyngeal cancer. However, the mechanisms by which this compound causes nasopharyngeal cancer are not completely understood. Therefore, we have examined the formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of the workers of a plastic laminate plant in Bra, Cuneo, Piedmont region, North-Western Italy, hence in the target site for formaldehyderelated nasal carcinogenesis. We have conducted a cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the frequency of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M 1 dG) adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, in 50 male exposed workers and 45 male controls using 32 P-DNA post-labeling. The personal levels of formaldehyde exposure were analysed by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. The smoking status was estimated by measuring the concentrations of urinary cotinine by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. The air monitoring results showed that the exposure levels of formaldehyde were significantly greater for the plastic laminate plant workers, 211.4 ± 14.8 standard error (SE) µg m −3 , than controls, 35.2 ± 3.4 (SE) µg m −3 , P < 0.001. The levels of urinary cotinine were 1064 ± 118 ng ml −1 and 14.18 ± 2.5 ng ml −1 in smokers and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001. The M 1 dG adduct frequency per 10 8 normal nucleotides was significantly higher among the workers of the plastic laminate plant exposed to formaldehyde, 111.6 ± 14.3 (SE), compared to controls, 49.6 ± 3.4 (SE), P < 0.001. This significant association persisted also when personal dosimeters were used to measure the extent of indoor levels of formaldehyde exposure. No influences of smoking and age were observed across the study population. However, after categorization for occupational exposure, a significant effect was found in the controls, P = 0.018, where the levels of DNA damage were significantly correlated with the levels of urinary cotinine, regression coefficient (β) = 0.494 ± 0.000 (SE), P < 0.002. Our findings indicated that M 1 dG adducts constitute a potential mechanism of formaldehydeinduced toxicity. Persistent DNA damage contributes to the general decline of the physiological mechanisms designed to maintain cellular homeostasis.

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Section: Personal Dosimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urinary Cotininementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urinary Cotininementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

et al. 2016

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Inhaled formaldehyde induces DNA–protein crosslinks and oxidative stress in bone marrow and other distant organs of exposed mice

Wei

et al. 2013

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Formaldehyde (FA), a major industrial chemical and ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been classified as a leukemogen. The causal relationship remains unclear, however, due to limited evidence that FA induces toxicity in bone marrow, the site of leukemia induction, and in other distal organs. Although induction of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC), a hallmark of FA toxicity, was not previously detected in the bone marrow of FA-exposed rats and monkeys in studies published in the 1980s, our recent studies showed increased DPC in the bone marrow, liver, kidney, and testes of exposed Kunming mice. To confirm these preliminary results, in the current study we exposed BALB/c mice to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg m(-3) FA (8 hr per day, for 7 consecutive days) by nose-only inhalation and measured DPC levels in bone marrow and other organs of exposed mice. As oxidative stress is a potential mechanism of FA toxicity, we also measured glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the bone marrow, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lung, liver, spleen, and testes of exposed mice. Significant dose-dependent increases in DPC, decreases in GSH, and increases in ROS and MDA were observed in all organs examined (except for DPC in lung). Bone marrow was among the organs with the strongest effects for DPC, GSH, and ROS. In conclusion, exposure of mice to FA by inhalation induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in bone marrow and other organs. These findings strengthen the biological plausibility of FA-induced leukemogenesis and systemic toxicity.

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New results on formaldehyde: the 2nd International Formaldehyde Science Conference (Madrid, 19–20 April 2012)

Bolt

Morfeld

2012

Arch Toxicol

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The toxicology and epidemiology of formaldehyde were discussed on the 2nd International Formaldehyde Science Conference in Madrid, 19–20 April 2012. It was noted that a substantial amount of new scientific data has appeared within the last years since the 1st conference in 2007. Progress has been made in characterisation of genotoxicity, toxicokinetics, formation of exogenous and endogenous DNA adducts, controlled human studies and epidemiology. Thus, new research results are now at hand to be incorporated into existing evaluations on formaldehyde by official bodies.

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Formaldehyde and tobacco smoke as alkylating agents: The formation of N-methylenvaline in pathologists and in plastic laminate workers

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

Inhaled formaldehyde induces DNA–protein crosslinks and oxidative stress in bone marrow and other distant organs of exposed mice

New results on formaldehyde: the 2nd International Formaldehyde Science Conference (Madrid, 19–20 April 2012)

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