Formaldehyde emission from wood products: relationship between the values by the Chamber method and those by the Desiccator test

Que, Zeli; Furuno, T.

doi:10.1007/s00226-006-0104-7

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Wood as a natural material contains formaldehyde (Meyer and Boehme 1997;Que and Furuno 2007;Salem et al 2011b), which can be released during thermal treatment (Schäfer and Roffael 2000). Meyer and Boehme (1996) measured the FEs from oak, Douglas fir, beech, spruce, and pine, and the emission of formaldehyde ranged between 2 and 9 ppb.…”

Section: Wood As a Natural Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Formaldehyde Emissions from Solid Wood: An Overview

Salem¹,

Böhm²

2013

BioResources

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Wood is known to contain and emit volatile organic compounds including formaldehyde. The emission of formaldehyde from wood increases during its processing to lumber and wood-based panels (i.e., particleboard and fiberboard). This increased emission can be attributed to the processing procedure of wood, which includes drying, pressing, and thermo-hydrolysis. Formaldehyde is emitted from wood under very high heat and is not expected to be a significant source of the emissions from composite wood products during normal service. Formaldehyde is also detectable even if wood has never been heated as well as under more or less ambient conditions. The presence of formaldehyde in the emissions from wood that does not contain adhesive resin has been explained by thermal degradation of polysaccharides in the wood. The emission levels of formaldehyde depend on factors such as wood species, moisture content, outside temperature, and time of storage. Additionally, the pyrolysis of milled wood lignin at 450 °C yields benzaldehyde, and the pyrolysis of spruce and pinewood at 450 °C generate formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2-propenal, butanal, and butanone, which can be attributed to the breakdown of the polysaccharide fraction of the wood. Keywords INTRODUCTIONThe European Union, the USA, China, and Japan now have legislation regulating the allowed levels of formaldehyde emission (FE) from wood and wood-based products, and without doubt there will be increased focus and controls placed on products that are known to release formaldehyde (Salthammer et al. 2010). The main sources of FE from wood-based products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard (PB), and plywood are the resins used, such as urea-formaldehyde (UF), melamine-modified urea formaldehyde (MUF), and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) (Salem et al. 2011a). Solid wood grown in normal forest conditions releases low levels of formaldehyde, particularly during the manufacturing process (Salem et al. 2012a). Furthermore, PF resins are frequently used in the manufacture of cork products. For this reason, formaldehyde and phenol are often measured together (Horn et al. 1998 Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring chemical in wood, as wood contains a diminutive, but still detectable amount of free formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can be formed from the main components of wood (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) as well as from its extractives (Schäfer and Roffael 2000) to different extents depending on the boundary conditions (pH value, temperature). On the other hand, the inorganic substances in wood do not directly contribute to formaldehyde release.The FE from solid wood increases at elevated temperatures and prolonged heating times (Schäfer and Roffael 2000), even in the absence of wood resin (Jiang et al. 2002). On the other hand, the degree of polymerization of cellulose seems to have no significant influence on the emission of formaldehyde; also, raising the temperature to 100 and 150 °C, the formaldehyde liberation from starch is also very low even at high reaction ...

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Section: Wood As a Natural Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Formaldehyde Emissions from Solid Wood: An Overview

Salem¹,

Böhm²

2013

BioResources

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“…Several significant accomplishments have taken place over the last 20 years regarding testing formaldehyde emission of wood products. On the one hand was to study the impact factors of formaldehyde release from wood-based panel [1][2][3], on the other hand was to study using all kinds of testing method to evaluation formaldehyde release or content [4][5][6][7]. The prime purpose of a formaldehyde test method is to quantify the amount of formaldehyde emitted from wood products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of loading ratio, conditioning time and air exchange rate on the formaldehyde emission from wood-based board using large chamber and desiccator method

Que

Wang

et al. 2013

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…Most of the wood-based panels are used in indoor decorations and furnishings, the indoor air pollution caused by these materials may lead to the sick building syndrome (SBS; Berglund et al 1992;Que and Furuno 2007). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a group have been defined as organic compounds with boiling points from about 50 • C to about 260 • C (WHO 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of processing parameters on VOC emission from particleboards

Liu

Shen

Zhu

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from furnishings have created a major indoor air pollution problem in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the VOC emission of larch particleboard under different processing conditions. VOCs collection chamber, parts per billion VOC monitor, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer were used to analyze the VOC components and quantities. The results were shown as follows: (1) concentration and emission rate of VOCs were significantly affected by hot-pressing temperature and time. With the increase of hot-pressing temperature and time, both the earlier emission concentration and the amount of total volatile organic compounds increased. (2) The composition of VOCs was also influenced by temperature and time, especially the variety of terpene, benzene, and derivative. The existence and quantities of esters were still the main components of VOCs emissions.

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Formaldehyde emission from wood products: relationship between the values by the Chamber method and those by the Desiccator test

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Understanding of Formaldehyde Emissions from Solid Wood: An Overview

Understanding of Formaldehyde Emissions from Solid Wood: An Overview

Effect of loading ratio, conditioning time and air exchange rate on the formaldehyde emission from wood-based board using large chamber and desiccator method

Influence of processing parameters on VOC emission from particleboards

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