Formaldehyde-Induced Contact Dermatitis From an N95 Respirator Mask

Clawson, Rebecca; Pariser, Robert J.

doi:10.12788/cutis.0305

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Causative agents for OACD to FPE include rubber accelerators, such as mercaptobenzothiazole in the rubber straps of N95 masks and thiuram and carba components in the elastic bands [52,53]. Allergens previously described but reported again include formaldehyde (both N95 and surgical masks, potentially from the nose foam, filter or shell), formaldehyde releasers and nickel in the metal nose piece [51 ▪ ,54,55]. Potassium dichromate and 4-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin were identified as potential allergens via patch testing in an observational study of patients with skin disease worsened by mask wearing [56].…”

Section: Specific Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

New causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis

Clynick,

Holness

2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review Occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) is an important work-related skin disease. Information about the causative agents comes from many sources, including patch test databases, registries, case series and case reports. This review summarizes new information about common causative allergens and diagnosis. Recent findings Common causes of OACD include rubber components, epoxies and preservatives. New exposure sources for these allergens continue to be described. Often these exposure sources are related to the changing world around us, such as allergens related to smartphones and technology, and personal protective equipment-related exposures during the COVID-19 pandemic. New allergens are also being described, some of which are related to known allergens (e.g. a new epoxy or acrylate component). Accurate diagnosis is critical to effective management of OACD, which may include removing the worker from exposure to the causative allergen. Safety data sheets may not contain complete information and patch testing with specialized series of allergens and workplace materials may be necessary. Summary This review provides current evidence about causes of OACD and important aspects of diagnosis. This is important for clinical practice to ensure cases of OACD are not missed.

show abstract

Section: Specific Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

New causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis

Clynick,

Holness

2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, because the N95/KN95 respirator fits tighter on the face, it is responsible for more ASRs compared to surgical masks ( 24 ). Formaldehyde has been detected in N95/KN95 respirators, accelerating the possible development of ACD ( 30 , 41 , 42 ). In addition, the elastic bands of the N95 respirator along with the sponge strip in the masks have been reported to contribute to the occurrence of ACD.…”

Section: Contact Dermatitis Caused By Ppe During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact dermatitis caused by prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review

Tang

Wang

Hamblin

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionDuring the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health care workers wore personal protective equipment including masks, gloves and goggles for a long time. In order to reduce the transmission routes of the virus, public places were sprayed with disinfectant. Moreover, the body, hands and clothing were frequently disinfected and washed for hygiene purposes. Studies have shown that these practices could easily irritate the skin and damage the skin barrier. Long-term irritation or exposure to allergens may lead to the occurrence of contact dermatitis (CD).MethodsSubject headings were searched via the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and web of science databases: COVID-19; contact dermatitis; adverse skin reaction; PPE; dermatitis; mask; glory; hand hygiene, disinfection; face shield; goggle; protect cloth. A total of 246 and 646 articles were retrieved from the two databases, respectively. 402 articles remained after removing duplicates. Reviews, non-English articles, articles that could not be accessed to read or did not conform to our topic were excluded. Finally, a total of 32 cross-sectional studies, 9 case reports and 2 randomized controlled trials were included.DiscussionThis article reviews reports of CD caused by various prevention and hygiene measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The amount of skin damage caused by COVID-19 prevention measures could be decreased by improved education about skin management.

show abstract

Update on occupational dermatitis: reviewing toxic substances from OSHA standards

Lee,

Lin,

Maderal

2024

Int J Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Occupational dermatitis (OD) is an inflammatory skin disease stemming from exposure to specific substances within a work setting. As the second most prevalent occupational health concern in 2020, affecting 1.8 per 10,000 workers, OD poses a significant challenge to workforce well‐being and imposes a substantial economic burden through lost wages, decreased productivity, and increased healthcare spending. Dermatologists emerge as pivotal figures in recognizing risk factors and delivering essential care to individuals with OD. This review focuses on chemical hazards and toxic substances regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration across general industry, maritime, and construction sectors. It explores the background of each hazard, pathophysiology to dermatitis, and human cases reported between 2017 and 2023 for formaldehyde, chromium, vinyl chloride, and cadmium.

show abstract

Formaldehyde-Induced Contact Dermatitis From an N95 Respirator Mask

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

New causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis

New causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis caused by prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review

Update on occupational dermatitis: reviewing toxic substances from OSHA standards

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About