Formaldehyde poisoning. Rapid metabolism to formic acid

Eells, Janis T.; McMartin, Kenneth E.; Black, Kurt A.; Virayotha, Viravan; Tisdell, Ronald; Tephly, Thomas R.

doi:10.1001/jama.246.11.1237

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…FA enters the mono-carbon (C1) pool of cellular metabolism via binding to tetrahydrofolic acid; as such, it can participate in the structure of macromolecules, such as nucleic acids. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] FA exists at varying levels in cells, but it cannot be stored in the body. It is excreted either in the feces or urine as formic acid or via the respiratory tract as carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Biochemical Features Of Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system

İnci

Zararsız

Davarci

et al. 2013

Turkish Journal of Urology

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Formaldehyde is a chemical substance with a pungent odor that is highly soluble in water and occurs naturally in organisms. Formaldehyde, when taken into organisms, is metabolized into formic acid in the liver and erythrocytes and is then excreted, either with the urine and feces or via the respiratory system. Formaldehyde is widely used in the industrial and medical fields, and employees in these sectors are frequently exposed to it. Anatomists and medical students are affected by formaldehyde gas during dissection lessons. Because full protection from formaldehyde is impossible for employees in industrial plants using this chemical and for workers in laboratory conditions, several measures can be implemented to prevent and/or reduce the toxic effects of formaldehyde. In this review, we aimed to identify the toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system.

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Section: Biochemical Features Of Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system

İnci

Zararsız

Davarci

et al. 2013

Turkish Journal of Urology

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“…The very few reports available demonstrated that formic acid accumulates markedly after the ingestion of formaldehyde. This conversion from formaldehyde to formic acid had been reported as rapid (2,3,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although ingested formaldehyde may produce extensive pathologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract, sufficient formaldehyde can apparently be absorbed and metabolised rapidly to formic acid. Formic acid may accumulate rapidly in the blood to cause metabolic acidosis (2). Metabolic acidosis happens in part because of high plasma levels of formic acid acidosis, the main metabolite of formaldehyde and in part as a result of hyperlactatemia (1).…”

Section: Biochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adverse Effect Of Formalin: A Warning Against Mishandling

Lian

Ngeow

2000

ADUM

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Formalin is a clear solution of 37% formaldehyde in water. It is used in dentistry as a disinfectant, antiseptic and mainly as tissue fixative for preserving biologic specimens for histopathologic examination. The human knowledge on systemic formaldehyde intoxication is inadequate as only few cases of formalin ingestion have been reported. This paper presents a brief communication of the adverse effect of formalin to the human tissue.

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“…The formic acid, in the presence of tetrahydrofolate, is then further metabolized to carbon dioxide and water by the enzyme 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate synthetase ( Figure 1). Tetrahydrofolate is derived from folic acid, and when the system becomes overwhelmed, a buildup of formic acid develops and results in toxicity [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%