Formaldehyde scavenging from peritoneal dialysis solutions using reduced aminothiol compounds

Bird, Stephen D.; Legge, Michael; Walker, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2003.00236.x

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is important, for the above-mentioned reasons, to perform successful removal of benzaldehyde from the solvent mixture before any side reactions will occur. The screening procedure for obtaining a suitable scavenging technology for benzaldehyde was initially performed with amines [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], inorganic salts [25], organic acids and their anhydrides [19]. The most desired option was found to be tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), which converts carbonyl compounds into oxazolidines [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of benzaldehyde from a water/ethanol mixture by applying scavenging techniques

Mitić

Skov²,

Gernaey

2016

Green Processing and Synthesis

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A presence of carbonyl compounds is very common in the food industry. The nature of such compounds is to be reactive and thus many products involve aldehydes/ketones in their synthetic routes. By contrast, the high reactivity of carbonyl compounds could also lead to formation of undesired compounds, such as genotoxic impurities. It can therefore be important to remove carbonyl compounds by implementing suitable removal techniques, with the aim of protecting final product quality. This work is focused on benzaldehyde as a model component, studying its removal from a water/ethanol mixture by applying different derivatization agents as the scavengers. Discovery chemistry is performed in the beginning as a screening procedure, followed by the process design of a small-scale continuous process for benzaldehyde removal with in-line real-time monitoring. Applications of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) are found to provide above average removal of benzaldehyde.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of benzaldehyde from a water/ethanol mixture by applying scavenging techniques

Mitić

Skov²,

Gernaey

2016

Green Processing and Synthesis

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“…Aldehydes are associated with increased cellular injury and may contribute to peritoneal membrane damage among patients treated with PD. 27 In our study, the range of formaldehyde concentrations that induced apoptosis of HPMCs was found to be 30–500 µM, as determined by MTT assays. Legge and Thorell reported the concentration of formaldehyde in PD solution between 6 and 15 µM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits formaldehyde-induced apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells

Lim¹,

Park²,

Yook³

et al. 2020

Perit Dial Int

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Background: The alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein has an important role in the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic response. AAT inhibits not only serine proteases but also cysteine and aspartic proteases. Apoptosis results from the sequential activation of cysteine proteases of the caspase family. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AAT on formaldehyde-induced apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Methods: HPMCs were cultured and treated with formaldehyde (250 µM) to induce apoptosis. In the AAT group, the cultured HPMCs were pretreated with AAT (2 mg/mL) for 1 h before formaldehyde treatment. We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays to determine cell viability, and flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays to detect apoptosis. The MTT assays were used to find optimal concentrations of formaldehyde and AAT. We measured caspase-3 activity and used Western blotting to estimate Bcl-2 and Bad expression. Results: Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays revealed that formaldehyde exposure significantly increased apoptosis compared with the control treatment, but pretreatment with AAT significantly inhibited this effect. Compared with the control, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bad expression significantly decreased following treatment with formaldehyde. However, caspase-3 activity was significantly lower and the Bcl-2 to Bad expression ratio higher in the AAT group than in the formaldehyde-only group. Conclusion: AAT inhibits formaldehyde-induced apoptosis of HPMCs via a caspase-mediated pathway. These data support a potential use for AAT as a therapeutic agent for the inhibition of peritoneal cell apoptosis during peritoneal dialysis.

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“…Confluent hPMC were quiesced with serum‐free M199 for 1 h prior to the measurement of Ca 2+ i (intracellular calcium). Cells cultured in plastic flasks were harvested using 0.025% trypsin:0.01% EDTA and resuspended in KRS (Krebs—Ringer solution) (Bird et al, 1994). The number of cells used for each experiment was corrected to 4.0×10 4 cells/ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of cells used for each experiment was corrected to 4.0×10 4 cells/ml. The hPMCs were loaded with 2.0 μmol/l Fura‐2 acetoxymethylester for 30 min at 37°C, based on previously published methods (Bird et al, 1994). Fura‐2‐loaded cells were resuspended in 2 ml of buffered KRS containing 1.0 mmol/l Ca 2+ and transferred to a 3‐ml silica cuvette.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thiols stabilize cobblestone morphology of cultured mesothelial cells

Bird

Legge

Walker

2011

Cell Biology International

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Cellular thiols including GSH (glutathione) and L-Cys (L-cysteine) are essential for cell signalling, growth and differentiation. L-Cys is derived from the extracellular thiol pool and is the rate-limiting compound for intracellular GSH biosynthesis. The present study investigated the effect of thiol-supplemented medium on cell growth, phenotype and total GSH of cultured hPMCs (human peritoneal mesothelial cells). Cells were cultured in medium M199 supplemented with 2% serum, with 'plus' or without 'minus' L-Cys and compared with medium supplemented with either β-ME (β-mercaptoethanol) (0.25 mmol/l) or the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EGF (epidermal growth factor, 100 ng/ml). β-ME produced a disproportionate increase in total GSH compared with L-Cys and other thiols tested [(procysteine (2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) or NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)], while growth and morphology were identical. Cell behaviour of primary hPMCs is characterized by the transition of fibroblastoid to cobblestone morphology during early passage. L-Cys and β-ME promoted a rapid MET (mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition) within 3 days of culture, confirmed by the presence of cobblestone cells, intact organelles, abundant microvilli, primary cilia and cortical actin. In contrast, EGF produced a biphasic response consisting of delayed growth and retention of a fibroblastoid morphology. During a rapid log phase of growth, MET was accompanied by rapid catch-up growth. Thiols may stabilize the epithelial phenotype by engaging redox-sensitive receptors and transcription factors that modulate differentiation. These data may benefit researchers working on thiol-mediated cell differentiation and strategies to regenerate damage to serosal membranes.

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Formaldehyde scavenging from peritoneal dialysis solutions using reduced aminothiol compounds

Abstract: Scavenging with aminothiol compounds masked the destructive carbonyl group (C = O) of formaldehyde and formed a compound that has antioxidant properties. The addition of aminothiol compounds may improve the biocompatibility of commercial PD solutions.

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Removal of benzaldehyde from a water/ethanol mixture by applying scavenging techniques

Removal of benzaldehyde from a water/ethanol mixture by applying scavenging techniques

Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits formaldehyde-induced apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells

Thiols stabilize cobblestone morphology of cultured mesothelial cells

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