Formalizing Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Using VDM-SL

Riaz, Shehla; Afzaal, Hamra; Imran, Muhammad; Zafar, Nazir Ahmad; Aksoy, Mehmet Sabih

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.325

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Z-notation and X-machine are used for the formal specification of multi-agent systems with a dynamic behaviour and structures (Ali et al 2012). VDM-SL and Z based formal models are developed for WSANs for safety critical systems Alnuem et al 2014;Riaz et al 2015).…”

Section: Literature Review Of Cas Using Formal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal analysis of subnet-based failure recovery algorithm in wireless sensor and actor and network

Afzaal

Zafar

2016

Complex Adapt Syst Model

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Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) have various applications in safety and mission critical systems. Sensors are used for sensing the information whereas actors for taking intelligent decisions. Developing and modeling algorithms for WSANs have raised several research issues which have captured attention of the research community. Maintaining inter-actor connectivity or failure recovery is a critical issue in WSANs because these are deployed in harsh and inhospitable environment which may result into physical damage to actors loosing inter-actor connectivity. In case of failure of inter-actor connectivity, the topology of the network may be affected that might be inefficient to recover. Therefore an efficient subnet-based failure recovery algorithm (SFRA) is proposed in this work. It is assumed the partitioning of WSAN into subnets which localizes the failure recovery procedure at subnet level achieving objective of efficiency. Moreover, algorithm is hybrid as it assumes pre-failure planning and post-failure recovery. The proposed model is presented as a graph-based model to represent static part of the network topology. The graph model is transformed into a formal model using Vienna development method-specification language (VDM-SL). The static model is described by defining formal specification of subnets, network topology, sensors, actors and gateways as composite objects. The state space of the WSANs is described in the form of functions and operations as dynamic part of the model. Invariants are defined over the data types in static model for ensuring safety criteria and pre/post conditions are defined in functions and operations for changing state space of the system. The proposed model is validated and verified using VDM-SL Toolbox.

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Section: Literature Review Of Cas Using Formal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal analysis of subnet-based failure recovery algorithm in wireless sensor and actor and network

Afzaal

Zafar

2016

Complex Adapt Syst Model

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“…In this way, the recovery process is completed by cascading, that is, backup B of A is moved to position of A and newly backup of B is moved to position of B (lines [34][35][36][37][38][39]. If backup node B is critical and its backup is other than its primary, then it notifies to its backup and moves to position of its primary by cascading (lines [40][41][42][43] [34][35][36][37][38][39]. If the backup is critical and its backup is other than its primary, then the recovery procedure takes time NK (lines [40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Proposed Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If backup node B is critical and its backup is other than its primary, then it notifies to its backup and moves to position of its primary by cascading (lines [40][41][42][43] [34][35][36][37][38][39]. If the backup is critical and its backup is other than its primary, then the recovery procedure takes time NK (lines [40][41][42][43]. In this way, the maximum time complexity of the algorithm in terms of Big O is N K .…”

Section: Proposed Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid subnet-based node failure recovery formal procedure in wireless sensor and actor networks

Afzaal

Zafar

Alhumaidan

2017

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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An unattended deployment of wireless sensor and actor networks in a harsh and inhospitable environment may cause its failure by partitioning it into the disjoint segments. Although many variants of this problem are addressed using different approaches, it still needs to be investigated due to its various applications. In this article, an efficient, localized, hybrid failure detection and recovery algorithm is proposed which assumes planned deployment of nodes. The algorithm is approximate and distributed as its topology is partitioned into subnets localizing failure recovery procedure and efficient as the time complexity is reduced from nondeterministic polynomial-time-hard to polynomial time. The algorithm is hybrid as pre-failure planning and post-failure recovery is assumed for the critical nodes. Graph-based model is designed to represent static part which is then transformed into a formal model using Vienna Development Method-specification language. The static model consists of subnets, circular topology, sensors, actors, and gateways as composite objects in Vienna Development Method-specification language. The dynamic model is developed by defining its state space, functions, and possible operations to describe the failure recovery procedure. Invariants are defined on static model to assure correctness, and pre/post conditions are used in the dynamic model to control the behavior preventing system to enter into an unwanted situation. The formal specification is analyzed using Vienna Development Method-specification language Toolbox to visualize the model.

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“…For various safety and mission critical systems, formal methods have been used [13]. The algorithms are proposed for WSANs using Z notation in [14][15][16] and VDM-SL [17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithm and Formal Model of Recovering Network Connectivity in Battlefield Surveillance

Zafar¹,

Afzaal²

2017

EAI Endorsed Trans IoT

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Battlefield surveillance requires mission-critical operations and tasks which can effectively be performed using Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs). We have used clustering approach for deployment of WSAN to minimize energy consumption and to limit the processing cost. The adverse environment conditions in battlefield may cause a loss of connectivity but there is a need of continuous flow of information in this application. Therefore an algorithm for network recovering is proposed. Firstly, graphical model of the system is presented using graph theory which is then transformed into a formal model by developing formal specification using Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL). Invariants and pre/post-conditions are defined for its validation. The correctness of the formal specification is assured by an analysis through VDM-SL toolbox.

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Formalizing Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Using VDM-SL

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Formal analysis of subnet-based failure recovery algorithm in wireless sensor and actor and network

Formal analysis of subnet-based failure recovery algorithm in wireless sensor and actor and network

Hybrid subnet-based node failure recovery formal procedure in wireless sensor and actor networks

Algorithm and Formal Model of Recovering Network Connectivity in Battlefield Surveillance

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