Formalizing Nakamoto-Style Proof of Stake

Thomsen, Søren Eller; Spitters, Bas

doi:10.1109/csf51468.2021.00042

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although unimaginable computation power hinder majority of attackers, PoW also leads to inefficient transaction rate and excessive energy consumption. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) alleviates the problems brought by PoW, so the miner who becomes ultimate winner depends on their quantity of holdings in the corresponding cryptocurrency rather than computing power [21]. The recent emerging InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) propagates Proof of Space (PoSpace) consensus, which requires participants to supply some storage space to prove a challenge posted by the service provider [22].…”

Section: Preliminaries Of Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for the metaverse: A Review

Huynh‐The

Gadekallu

Wang

et al. 2023

Future Generation Computer Systems

342

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Section: Preliminaries Of Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for the metaverse: A Review

Huynh‐The

Gadekallu

Wang

et al. 2023

Future Generation Computer Systems

342

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“…However, this centralized mechanism consumes vast amounts of computing power and energy, resulting in a lower transaction rate. To address this, the proof-of-stake mechanism is employed, with the winner being determined based on their holdings in cryptocurrency, rather than their computing power [67].…”

Section: Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Internet Architectures on an Emerging Scale—A Systematic Review

Mohammed

Ralescu

2023

Future Internet

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Future Internet is a general term that is used to refer to the study of new Internet architectures that emphasize the advancements that are paving the way for the next generation of internet. Today’s internet has become more complicated and arduous to manage due to its increased traffic. This traffic is a result of the transfer of 247 billion emails, the management of more than a billion websites and 735 active top-level domains, the viewing of at least one billion YouTube videos per day (which is the source of main traffic), and the uploading of more than 2.5 billion photos to Facebook every year. The internet was never anticipated to provide quality of service (QoS) support, but one can have a best effort service that provides support for video streams and downloaded media applications. Therefore, the future architecture of the internet becomes crucial. Furthermore, the internet as a service has witnessed many evolving conflicts among its stakeholders, leading to extensive research. This article presents a systematic review of the internet’s evolution and discusses the ongoing research efforts towards new internet architectures, as well as the challenges that are faced in increasing the network’s performance and quality. Moreover, as part of these anticipated future developments, this article draws attention to the Metaverse, which combines the emerging areas of augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and extended reality, and is considered to be the next frontier for the future internet. This article examines the key role of the blockchain in organizing and advancing the applications and services within the Metaverse. It also discusses the potential benefits and challenges of future internet research. Finally, the article outlines certain directions for future internet research, particularly in the context of utilizing blockchains in the Metaverse.

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