Formanilide and carbanilide from aniline and carbon dioxide

Activation of Carbon Dioxide

“…43 The results showed that the hydrogenation is first order in both H 2 and CO 2 , consistent with a CO 2 …”

“…Under such conditions and with [RuCl 2 (PMe 3 ) 4 ] as catalyst, the reaction of aniline gave formanilide with 72% isolated yield. 43 In principle, both the catalyst and DBU can be recycled; however, this was not investigated. Baiker and coworkers used the [RuCl 2 (dppe)] catalyst for the high-yield formylation of cyclic secondary amines (pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyrazine, etc.)…”

Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide

“…Finally, CO 2 is known to react with the amine to produce a carbamate salt (Eq. Jessop's group [102] found that adding C 6 F 5 OH to the RuCl 2 (PMe 3 ) 4 catalyst precursor allows one to obtain 96-100% conversion to a variety of bulky formamides, including those from heptylamine, piperidine, and benzylamine, at 100 8C (3 lmol Ru, 100 lmol C 6 F 5 OH, 5 mmol amine). For longer-chain or more bulky amines, yields and conversions are often significantly lower, possibly because the carbamate formed (Eq.…”

Catalytic synthesis of silyl formates with 1 atm of CO2 and their utilization for synthesis of formyl compounds and formic acid

“…Moreover, Cantat and co-workers have recently reported the direct synthesis of formamides from amines, hydrosilanes, and CO 2 using nitrogen bases or N-heterocyclic carbenes in 1 atm of CO 2 [28,29]. In contrast, conventional synthesis of formamides by the reduction of CO 2 with H 2 requires high temperatures (≥75 • C) and high pressures (≥60 atm) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”