Formation and characterization of BC and BC-paper pulp films for packaging application

Abstract

It was found beneficial to manufacture bacterial cellulose (BC) obtained from waste food sources to create value-added packaging products by firstly performing purification and disintegration processing of the BC and then reinforcing it with paper pulp. The purification treatment involved using sodium hydroxide (2% w/v at 100°C for 1 h) on BC pulp to remove the bacterial protein and the resulting cultured medium film was characterized with respect to its physical properties. An acid treatment on the purified BC pulp was applied to disintegrate cellulose network before forming a film. The results showed that the sodium hydroxide treatment increased the film burst index and brightness. Heating the BC pulp to 70–100°C in 1.25–5.00% v/v sulfuric acid treatment for 30 min degraded the film’s mechanical properties. Also, a study of the addition and mixing of paper pulps or modified cationic starch to the BC was found to improve the film properties with respect to packaging properties. Inclusion of short fiber paper pulp by 30 wt.% created a good synergistic effect by improving the mechanical properties of film especially for tear strength. Moreover, cationic-modified cassava starch (2% w/w) improved the tensile and burst index as well as resistance to oxygen permeation of the BC film. The results indicate that the BC pulp could be used to improve mechanical properties and resistance to water vapor and oxygen permeation of the short fiber paper pulp film which is ideal for packaging materials.

Examination of compressive and flexural behaviors of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene filled with hemp fiber particles

“…81 As acknowledged, a material with higher crystallinity offers a better mechanical performance. 80,82 As shown in Figure 8, the comparison of the alkaline-treated hemp fiber particles with the untreated particles confirms compositional changes taking place in the treated particles.…”

“…The minimum diffraction peaks (I am ) that represent the amorphous structure are measured at 2ϴ angles of 19.48° and 18.03° for untreated and treated particles, respectively. The crystallinity index (CI) was determined by using the Segal empirical model, 79,80 and documented in Table 2.…”

“…81 As acknowledged, a material with higher crystallinity offers a better mechanical performance. 80,82…”

Modified Fibrous Mass of Leather and Paper Waste for the Production of Packaging Paper and Cardboard

“…Typically, alkaline modification of the fibrous mass improves the mechanical properties of products, while acid modification leads to deterioration [42]. The physical-mechanical properties of paper are assessed primarily by the breaking length and fracture index or the number of double bends, but other characteristics are also important.…”

Effect of alkali and silane surface treatments on the mechanical and physical behaviors of date palm seed-filled thermoplastic polyurethane eco-composites

“…8,9 At present, various combinations of lignocellulosic fillers and bioplastics have been successfully applied to polymeric composites with improved mechanical properties to obtain lightweight and low-cost products used in mainly automobile and packaging applications. 6,[10][11][12] For eco-composites, main problem is the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix because the natural fibers are polar and have hydrophilic character, while the polymeric materials are bipolar and exhibit significant hydrophobic properties. Different methods including bleaching, acetylation, alkaline, and silane treatments are common techniques to solve this compatibility problem by providing better interfacial adhesion strength between matrix and filler.…”