Formation and Decay of Hot Nuclei: The Experimental Situation

Guerreau, D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5715-5_8

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…A brief description of multifragmentation theories more commonly discussed in the literature is given, followed by a review of the experimental work. T~e reader may find it useful to consult other review papers emphasizing different aspects of this rapidly developing field (21,34,35,51,63,(123)(124)(125)(126)(127)(128)(129)(130)). …”

Section: ·• -5-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps, the experimental approach most widely used has been the determination of the fission-fragment folding angle (127,(181)(182)(183)(184)(185)(186)(187)(188)(189)(190)(191)(192) in reactions induced by an intermediate energy heavy ion on a rather fissionable target, lil<e Au, Thor U. The distribution of folding angles typically shows two peaks, one close to 180°, characteristic of grazing collisions, and another, very broad, at a smaller angle.…”

Section: Incomplete Momentum Transfer Incomplete Fusion and Fireballmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two aiternatives are not mutually exclusive. However, the incomplete fusion picture has received abundant, though only semiquantitative, experimentaf support and has become, for better or for worse, a standard -36-schematic representation of the reaction mechanism at intermediate energies (53,127). Recent experiments have partitioned the velocity distribution of fusion-like products into individual incomplete fusion channels (188-, 191, 193) yielding a wealth of data on the reaction process.…”

Section: Incomplete Momentum Transfer Incomplete Fusion and Fireballmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifragmentation in Heavy-Ion Processes

Moretto¹,

Wozniak²

1993

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

218

122

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Section: ·• -5-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incomplete Momentum Transfer Incomplete Fusion and Fireballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incomplete Momentum Transfer Incomplete Fusion and Fireballmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multifragmentation in Heavy-Ion Processes

Moretto¹,

Wozniak²

1993

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

218

122

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“…Equation (3) shows that the decay probability and the associated decay lifetime are dramatically affected even by moderate changes in temperature. Furthermore, as the temperature becomes comparable with the barrier, the binary decay probability approaches unity and the lifetime approaches the characteristic (dynamical) time constant of the channel, v. o.…”

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confidence: 98%

Are Multifragment Emission Probabilities Reducible to an Elementary Binary Emission Probability

et al. 1995

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Experimental intermediate-mass-fragment multiplicity distributions for the E/A = 80 and 110 MeV Ar + ' Au reactions are shown to be binomial at all excitation energies. From these distributions, a single binary event probability p can be extracted that has a thermal dependence.Thus, it is inferred that multifragmentation is reducible to a combination of nearly independent emission processes. If sequential decay is assumed, the increase of p with excitation energy implies a contraction of the time scale that is qualitatively consistent with recent fragment-fragment correlation data. pACS numbers: 25.70.pq At low excitation energies, complex fragments are emitted with low probability by a compound nucleus mechanism [1,2]. At increasingly larger energies, the probability of complex fragment emission increases dramatically, until several fragments are observed within a single event [3 -5]. The nature of this multifragmentation process is at the center of much current attention. For example, the time scale of fragment emission and the associated issue of sequentiality vs simultaneity are the objects of intense theoretical [3 -8] and experimental [9 -17] study. Recent experimental work [18,19] has shown that the excitation functions for the production of two, three, four, etc. fragments give a characteristically linear Arrhenius plot [20], suggesting a statistical energy dependence.A fundamental issue, connected in part to those mentioned above, is that of reducibility: Can multifragmentation be reduced to a combination of (nearly) independent emissions of fragments? More to the point, can the probability for the emission of n fragments be reduced to the emission probability of just one fragment?In what follows, we show evidence that the n-fragment emission probabilities are indeed reducible to an elementary binary emission probability. Furthermore, we shallshow that the energy dependence of the extracted elementary probabilities gives a linear Arrhenius plot. Thus, these probabilities are likely to be thermal. While reducibility does not strictly imply time sequentiality, we point out in the following the time implications associated with a temporal reading of a reducible thermal theory.The partial decay width I associated with a given binary channel can be approximated by I = Acope where cop is a frequency characteristic of the channel under consideration, B is the barrier associated with the channel, and T is the temperature. For instance, in fission, cup is the collective frequency of assault on the barrier and B is the fission barrier.

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“…Intermediate energy heavy ion reactions have focused experimental [1,2] and theoretical [3,4] attention on multifragmentation and its possible association with the formation and decay of very hot nuclei [5]. A proper description of multifragment decay of hot nuclei requires the characterization of the source in terms of its size (mass, charge) and excitation energy, as well as of its branching ratios for the binary, ternary, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%