Formation and emission of brominated dioxins and furans during secondary aluminum smelting processes

Wang, Mei; Liu, Guorui; Jiang, Xiaoxu; Li, Sumei; Liu, Wenbin; Zheng, Minghui

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.109

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The analytical technique and the methods used have previously been described in detail. 17,23 Briefly, each solid residue sample was spiked with known amounts of 13 C 12 -labeled PBDD/F and PBDE internal standards (EDF-5408 and EO-5403; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, MA, USA). The sample was then digested in hydrochloric acid, filtered, rinsed with distilled water, dried, and Soxhlet extracted with 250 mL of toluene for about 24 h. Each gas phase sample (i.e., each cleaning solution and each absorption solution) was spiked with known amounts of the 13 C 12 -labeled PBDD/F and PBDE internal standards.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary copper smelting (SCu) processes have been found to be important sources of PBDD/ Fs, and PBDD/Fs have been found at higher concentrations in stack gases produced during SCu processes (2.5 ng Nm 3− ) than in stack gases produced during the incineration of waste (0.025 ng Nm 3− ), steelmaking using electric arc furnaces (1.5 ng Nm 3− ), and other processes. 16,17 The underlying reason for PBDD/F emissions during SCu processes being higher than emissions during other processes has not yet been determined. Copper compounds are found at much higher contents in SCu systems than in waste incinerators and other industrial systems.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermochemical Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Mediated by Secondary Copper Smelter Fly Ash, and Implications for Emission Reduction

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heterogeneous reactions mediated by fly ash are important to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) formation. However, the formation of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) through heterogeneous reactions is not yet well understood. Experiments were performed to investigate the thermochemical formation of PBDD/Fs at 150−450°C through heterogeneous reactions on fly ash from a secondary copper smelter. The maximum PBDD/ F concentration was 325 times higher than the initial PBDD/F concentration in the fly ash. The PBDD/F concentration after the experiment at 150°C was five times higher than the initial concentration. PBDD/Fs have not previously been found to form at such a low temperature. Secondary-copper-smelter fly ash clearly promoted PBDD/F formation, and this conclusion was supported by the low activation energies that were found in Arrhenius's law calculations. Thermochemical formation of PBDD/Fs mediated by fly ash deposited in industrial facilities could explain "memory effects" that have been found for PCDD/ Fs and similar compounds released from industrial facilities. Abundant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that were formed through fly ash-mediated reactions could be important precursors for PBDD/Fs also formed through fly ash-mediated reactions. The amounts of PBDEs that formed through fly ash-mediated reactions suggested that secondary copper smelters could be important sources of reformed PBDEs.

show abstract

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Mediated by Secondary Copper Smelter Fly Ash, and Implications for Emission Reduction

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The stack gas sampling point at each plant was downstream of the APCD. Each stack gas sample was collected using an automatic isokinetic sampling system (Isostack Basic; TCR TECORA, Milan, Italy), as described previously [18][19][20]. The three stack gas samples collected at each plant were used to determine the chlorinated and brominated POP emissions from the plant.…”

Section: Iron Ore Sintering Plants and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytes were identified and quantified using isotopedilution high-resolution gas chromatography (HGRC) and highresolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods, which have been previously described in detail [18][19][20][21][22]. Each stack gas sample was spiked with 13 C-labeled internal standards EDF-5408, EPA-1668 LCS, and ECN-5102 (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, MA, USA), as well as EN-1948 ES and MBDE-MXFR (Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Canada).…”

Section: Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unintentional production of persistent chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants during iron ore sintering processes

Liu

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iron ore sintering (SNT) processes are major sources of unintentionally produced chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). However, few studies of emissions of brominated POPs, such as polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), during SNT have been performed. Stack gas and fly ash samples from six typical SNT plants in China were collected and analyzed to determine the concentrations and profiles of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs, as well as any correlations among these compounds. The PCDD/F, PCB, PCN, PBDD/F, and PBDE emission factors were 2.47, 0.61, 552, 0.32, and 107μgt, respectively (109, 4.07, 10.4, 4.41 and 0.02ng toxic equivalents t, respectively). PCBs were the most abundant compounds by mass, while PCNs were the next most abundant, contributing 51% and 42% to the total POP concentration, respectively. However, PCDD/Fs were the dominant contributors to the chlorinated and brominated POP toxic equivalent concentrations, contributing 89% to the total toxic equivalent concentration. The PCDD/F and other chlorinated and brominated POP concentrations were positively correlated, indicating that chlorinated and brominated POP emissions could be synergistically decreased using the best available technologies/best environmental practices already developed for PCDD/Fs.

show abstract

Removal Process and Kinetics of Nitrogen and Chlorine Removal from Black Aluminum Dross

Liu

Zuo

Han

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Formation and emission of brominated dioxins and furans during secondary aluminum smelting processes

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Thermochemical Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Mediated by Secondary Copper Smelter Fly Ash, and Implications for Emission Reduction

Thermochemical Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Mediated by Secondary Copper Smelter Fly Ash, and Implications for Emission Reduction

Unintentional production of persistent chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants during iron ore sintering processes

Removal Process and Kinetics of Nitrogen and Chlorine Removal from Black Aluminum Dross

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About