Formation and evolution of the interfacial structure in al/steel compound castings during solidification and heat treatment

Bakke, Aina Opsal; Arnberg, L.; Løland, Jan-Ove; Jørgensen, Svein; Kvinge, Jan; Li, Yanjun

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156685

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…9). With reference to the work of Bakke et al [30], the two intermetallic compounds were supposed to be β-Al4.5FeSi and/or τ10-Al4Fe1.7Si. Finally, different cracks were observed in the intermetallic layer (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal is to obtain a uniform intermetallic layer that doesn't exceed a few micrometers in order to guarantee a strong and tough bond [29]. Optimal heat treatment process parameters were found by Jiang et al [30] who improved the shear strength of the aluminum/steel bimetal by 39%, compared to that measured in the as-cast conditions, by a solution heat treatment at 500 °C for 2 hours. This was mainly attributed to the obtained morphology and size of the intermetallic compound τ 6 (Al 4.5 FeSi) that showed a not excessive growth and absence of crack defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural and mechanical characterization of a stainless-steel wire mesh–reinforced Al-matrix composite: Bimatallic components for lightweight design

Ferro

Fabrizi

Bonollo

et al. 2020

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless-steel AISI 304 wire mesh–reinforced AlSi9Cu-matrix composite specimens obtained by gravity casting were investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscope analyses were carried out on samples in both as-cast and solution heat treated conditions. The obtained results showed the absence of intermetallic phases at the insert/Al-matrix interface but even a significant fraction of lack-of-filling defects as well as lack-of-bonding areas that weekend the interface itself. The solution heat treatment, on the other hand, induced the precipitation of a thick and brittle intermetallic layer in the areas where a metallurgical bonding formed during casting. Moreover, the silicon particle spheroidization, improved the ductility of the matrix. The resulting microstructure allowed to obtain a slight improvement of elongation at failure of the compound casting compared to that of the aluminum alloy. Finally, basing on the obtained results, improvements are suggested that take into account both the preconditioning of the reinforcement surface and its geometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of a stainless-steel wire mesh–reinforced Al-matrix composite: Bimatallic components for lightweight design

Ferro

Fabrizi

Bonollo

et al. 2020

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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show abstract

“…for the interface reported in their wok. Literature survey further reveals that the intermetallics such as Fe2Al5 & FeAl3 formed in the interface layer are brittle [33]. The in general inverse relationship of brittle materials and hardness is already established which explains the higher nano-hardness values within the interface.…”

Section: Nano-hardnessmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pressure-Assisted Development and Characterization of Al-Fe Interface for Bimetallic Composite Castings: An Experimental and Statistical Investigation for a Low-Pressure Regime

Rashid

Saleem

Mufti

et al. 2021

Metals

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A review of the available literature indicates that the development of metal-reinforced castings present intriguing prospects but carry inherent challenges owing to differences in thermal coefficients, chemical affinities, diffusion issues and the varying nature of intermetallic compounds. It is supported that pressure application during solidification may favorably influence the dynamics of the aforementioned issues; nevertheless, not only certain limitations have been cited, but also some pressure and process regimes have not yet been investigated and optimized. This work employs the pressure-assisted approach for bimetallic steel-reinforced aluminum composite castings at a low-pressure regime and thoroughly investigates the role of three process parameters, namely pouring temperature (800–900 °C), pressure (10–20 bars) and holding time (10–20 s), for producing sound interfaces. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array has been employed as the Design of the Experiment, while dominant factors have been determined via analysis of variance and the grey relational analysis multi-objective optimization technique. Supplementary analysis through optical micrographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) has been utilized to quantify interfacial layer thicknesses and to study microstructural and compositional aspects of the interface. Nano-indentation tests under static and dynamic loading have also been performed for mechanical strength characterization. It has been found that uniform interfaces with verifiable diffusion are obtainable, with the pouring temperature being the most influential parameter (percentage contribution 92.84%) in this pressure regime. The experiments performed at optimum conditions of pouring temperature, applied pressure and holding time produced a ~328% thicker interface layer, 19.42% better nano-hardness and a 19.10% improved cooling rate as compared to the minimum input values of the said parameters.

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“…The formation of the intermediate layer which contributes to obtaining an excellent bonding has been carried out by the hot dipping method. Coating materials have been selected from zinc, aluminum, and copper [2,5,7,11,[13][14][15]. These coatings can effectively prevent direct interaction between steel and aluminum alloys and avert the oxidation of steel during the preheating stage, thus improving bonding [5][6][7]13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Optimized Heat Treatment and Nickel Coating for the Improvement of Interfacial Bonding in Aluminum–Iron Alloys Hybrid Structures

Moon

Lee

2021

Applied Sciences

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The effects of nickel coating and heat treatment on the interfacial bonds of aluminum–iron (Al/Fe) alloys hybrid structures were investigated using microstructural analysis. The application of a nickel coating successfully suppressed the formation of defects such as gaps and oxide scale, improving the physical bonding of the interface. Optimizing the heat treatment conditions generated superior chemical bonding at the interface and facilitated the formation of a nickel-bearing phase in the Al matrix. Also, the types of nickel-bearing phase were influenced by solution treatment and proximity to the interface. By analyzing the isopleth phase diagram of the aluminum system for the ranges of nickel present in the Al, it was confirmed that the Ni:Cu ratio affected the precipitation characteristics of the system. However, when heated under conditions that were optimized for chemical bonding, the Al matrix decreased by approximately 40% (from 100 HV to 60 HV), due to grain growth. The effect of artificial aging increased the hardness of the Al matrix away from the interface by 35% (from 63 HV to 90 HV). On the other hand, this did not occur in the Al matrix near the interface. These results indicate that the nickel that diffused into the Al matrix interfered with the precipitation hardening effect.

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Formation and evolution of the interfacial structure in al/steel compound castings during solidification and heat treatment

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of a stainless-steel wire mesh–reinforced Al-matrix composite: Bimatallic components for lightweight design

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of a stainless-steel wire mesh–reinforced Al-matrix composite: Bimatallic components for lightweight design

Pressure-Assisted Development and Characterization of Al-Fe Interface for Bimetallic Composite Castings: An Experimental and Statistical Investigation for a Low-Pressure Regime

Combined Effects of Optimized Heat Treatment and Nickel Coating for the Improvement of Interfacial Bonding in Aluminum–Iron Alloys Hybrid Structures

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