Formation and interconversion of fixed-nitrogen species in laminar diffusion flames

Revised users manual, Pulverized Coal Gasification or Combustion: 2-dimensional (87-PCGC-2): Final report, Volume 2. [87-PCGC-2]

“…Bi 1 ger (1978) determined experimentally that, for a broad region in a hydrogen/air diffusion flame, the molecular species composition is only a function of the mixture fraction. Fenimore and Fraenkel (1981) reported the same finding for thermal NO concentrations in laminar, gaseous, diffusion flames. These data suggest that for each unique mixing time scale there may exist a unique reaction time scale.…”

Fuel-N Conversion to NO, N2O and N2 During Coal Combustion

“…The basic component of nitrogen oxide emissions in high-temperature processes is NO. Complex mechanisms of nitrogen oxide formation during coal combustion have been classified using the source of nitrogen and divided into two basic groups (Zeldowicz, 1946;Fenimore & Jones, 1957;Fenimore, 1971;Johnsson et al, 1992;Bowman, 1973;Sarofim & Pohl, 1973;de Soete, 1975;Malte & Pratt, 1977;Levy et al, 1978;Fenimore & Fraenkel, 1981;Heyd, 1982;Miller et al, 1984;Glarborg et al, 1986;Fong & Peters, 1986;Niksa, 1988;Cheng et al, 1989;Miller & Bowman, 1989;Muzio et al, 1990;Glarborg et al, 1992;Williams et al, 1992;Tomeczek & Gradoń, 1997;Williams et al, 1997):…”

“…Kinetic constants of the above reactions are presented in scientific papers Miller & Bowman, 1989). A detailed review of the kinetic constants of thermal NOs formation are presented in the Ph.D. dissertation by Gradoń (2003), while the issues of the thermal mechanism are included in the papers by, among others: Fenimore, 1971;Johnsson et al, 1992;Bowman, 1973;Sarofim & Pohl, 1973;de Soete, 1975;Malte & Pratt, 1977;Fenimore & Fraenkel, 1981;Glarborg et al, 1986;Miller & Bowman, 1989;Muzio et al, 1990;Glarborg et al, 1992;Williams et al, 1992;Tomeczek & Gradoń, 1997.…”

Simulation von Kraftwerken und wärmetechnischen Anlagen

“…Daraus ergibt sich aus dem Heizwert des Brennstoffs Hu, dem Mindestluftbedarf n L,min und der mittleren spez. Wärmekapazität der Abgase c p die adiabate Flammentemperatur: (Fenimore 1980) entdeckte in Methanflammen nur einen geringen Anteil an Prompt-NO. Die entstehenden Kohlenwasserstoffradikale neigen eher dazu, schon gebildetes NO zu reduzieren.…”