Formation and magnetic enhancement mechanism of sandwich-structure grain boundary phase in Ce magnets

First-Order Phase Transition of the Schwinger Model with a Quantum Computer

“…Here we have defined the inverse lattice spacing squared in units of the coupling, x = 1/(ag) 2 . The charge operator in spin formulation is given by Q n = (Z 2n +Z 2n+1 )/2, and X n , Y n , and Z n are the standard Pauli operators acting on spin n.…”

“…To compare the performance between the staggered and the Wilson discretization, there are two options. On the one hand, one can choose the same value of x = 1/(ag) 2 for both, which results in a staggered formulation that has half of the number of qubits than the Wilson one. On the other hand, one can choose the same number of qubits for both discretizations, which leads to double the number of physical sites for the staggered formulation, which, given the fixed lattice volumes we work with, simultaneously means a finer lattice spacing than in the Wilson case.…”

“…Exploring the phase diagram of a theory is central for the understanding of the fundamental laws of physics in many disciplines ranging from condensed matter to particle physics. For instance, in the case of ferromagnetic materials, critical points and phase boundaries help to understand and design magnetic materials with various applications [1,2]. Within superconductivity, phase diagrams allow for identifying the critical temperatures and magnetic fields required for materials to exhibit zero electrical resistance [3].…”