Formation and Maintenance of Tissue Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells after Viral Infection

Topham, David J.; Reilly, Emma; Emo, Kris Lambert; Sportiello, Mike

doi:10.3390/pathogens8040196

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…While CD103 is often considered a canonical T RM marker, it is not universally expressed on T RM in all tissue compartments; for example, in the lungs, its expression can vary between the epithelium and parenchyma. [ 17,29 ] Other adhesion molecules that may serve a similar purpose include CD49a (VLA‐1) and LFA‐1. [ 5,28 ]…”

Section: Tissue‐resident T Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Vaccines for Tissue‐Resident Memory T Cells

Knight

Wilson

2021

Advanced Therapeutics

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In recent years, tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) have attracted significant attention in the field of vaccine development. Distinct from central and effector memory T cells, TRM cells take up residence in home tissues such as the lung or urogenital tract and are ideally positioned to respond quickly to pathogen encounter. TRM are found to play a role in the immune response against many globally important infectious diseases for which new or improved vaccines are needed, including influenza and tuberculosis. It is also increasingly clear that TRM play a pivotal role in cancer immunity. Thus, vaccines that can generate this memory T cell population are highly desirable. The field of immunoengineering—that is, the application of engineering principles to study the immune system and design new and improved therapies that harness or modulate immune responses—is ideally poised to provide solutions to this need for next‐generation TRM vaccines. This review covers recent developments in vaccine technologies for generating TRM and protecting against infection and cancer, including viral vectors, virus‐like particles, and synthetic and natural biomaterials. In addition, it offers critical insights on the future of engineering vaccines for tissue‐resident memory T cells.

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Section: Tissue‐resident T Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Vaccines for Tissue‐Resident Memory T Cells

Knight

Wilson

2021

Advanced Therapeutics

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“…clearing influenza virus 36 – 48 hours faster after re-infection ( 18 , 26 ). Both CD4 + and CD8 + Trm are established after influenza virus infection in mice and based on various surface markers different subsets can be distinguished ( 26 – 28 ). The following three subsets of CD8 + CD69 + lung-resident memory T cells have been described based on surface expression of integrins CD49a and CD103: CD103 + CD49a - epithelial effector Trm (eeTrm), CD103 + CD49a + epithelial Trm (eTrm) and CD103 - CD49a + interstitial Trm (iTrm) ( 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both CD4 + and CD8 + Trm are established after influenza virus infection in mice and based on various surface markers different subsets can be distinguished ( 26 – 28 ). The following three subsets of CD8 + CD69 + lung-resident memory T cells have been described based on surface expression of integrins CD49a and CD103: CD103 + CD49a - epithelial effector Trm (eeTrm), CD103 + CD49a + epithelial Trm (eTrm) and CD103 - CD49a + interstitial Trm (iTrm) ( 28 ). The subsets are proposed to reside at different locations in the lung tissue with iTrm in the interstitium, eeTrm within the respiratory epithelium and eTrm in the respiratory epithelium in contact with the basement membrane ( 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following three subsets of CD8 + CD69 + lung-resident memory T cells have been described based on surface expression of integrins CD49a and CD103: CD103 + CD49a - epithelial effector Trm (eeTrm), CD103 + CD49a + epithelial Trm (eTrm) and CD103 - CD49a + interstitial Trm (iTrm) ( 28 ). The subsets are proposed to reside at different locations in the lung tissue with iTrm in the interstitium, eeTrm within the respiratory epithelium and eTrm in the respiratory epithelium in contact with the basement membrane ( 28 ). All subsets have effector functions including production of antiviral cytokines with CD103 + CD49a + Trm expressing the highest level and CD103 + CD49a - Trm the lowest level ( 29 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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T cell kinetics reveal expansion of distinct lung T cell subsets in acute versus in resolved influenza virus infection

Eriksson

Nylén²,

Grönvik³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Influenza virus infection is restricted to airway-associated tissues and elicits both cellular and humoral responses ultimately resulting in generation of memory cells able to initiate a rapid immune response against re-infections. Resident memory T cells confer protection at the site of infection where lung-resident memory T cells are important for protecting the host against homologous and heterologous influenza virus infections. Mapping kinetics of local and systemic T cell memory formation is needed to better understand the role different T cells have in viral control and protection. After infecting BALB/c mice with influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 the main proportion of activated T cells and B cells expressing the early activation marker CD69 was detected in lungs and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes. Increased frequencies of activated cells were also observed in the peripheral lymphoid organs spleen, inguinal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes. Likewise, antigen-specific T cells were most abundant in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes but present in all organs studied. CD8+CD103-CD49a+ lung-resident T cells expanded simultaneously with timing of viral clearance whereas CD8+CD103+CD49a+ lung-resident T cells was the most abundant subset after resolution of infection and antigen-specific, lung-resident T cells were detected up to seven months after infection. In conclusion, the results in this detailed kinetic study demonstrate that influenza virus infection elicits adaptive immune responses mainly in respiratory tract-associated tissues and that distinct subsets of lung-resident T cells expand at different time points during infection. These findings contribute to the understanding of the adaptive immune response locally and systemically following influenza virus infection and call for further studies on the roles of the lung-resident T cell subsets.

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“…This cell population has been shown to be important against secondary encounters with a previously seen pathogen. However, many questions remain regarding our understanding of this unique cell subset and its role during influenza infections [5]. Previously, Sant's laboratory has demonstrated that CD 4 T cells specific for epitopes derived from HA are the most effective in providing help for the HA-specific B cell responses to infection and vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus and Vaccination

Nogales¹,

DeDiego

2020

Pathogens

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Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health problem causing contagious respiratory disease and substantial morbidity and mortality in humans, resulting in a considerable economic burden worldwide. Notably, the number of deaths due to influenza exceeds that of any other known pathogen. Moreover, influenza infections can differ in their intensity, from mild respiratory disease to pneumonia, which can lead to death. Articles in this Special Issue have addressed different aspects of influenza in human health, and the advances in influenza research leading to the development of better therapeutics and vaccination strategies, with a special focus on the study of factors associated with innate or adaptive immune responses to influenza vaccination and/or infection.

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Formation and Maintenance of Tissue Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells after Viral Infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Engineering Vaccines for Tissue‐Resident Memory T Cells

Engineering Vaccines for Tissue‐Resident Memory T Cells

T cell kinetics reveal expansion of distinct lung T cell subsets in acute versus in resolved influenza virus infection

Influenza Virus and Vaccination

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