Formation and Morphology of Al2O3 Inclusions at the Onset of Liquid Fe Deoxidation by Al Addition

Ende, Marie‐Aline Van; Guo, Muxing; Proost, Joris; Blanpain, Bart; Wollants, Patrick

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.51.27

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Al, Ti and Mn) and molten steel have been investigated. [12][13][14][15][16][17] The liquid Fe is found to solidify immediately after contacting the cold alloy, while the alloying agent (Al/Mn) heats up and melts due to its low melting temperature. [12][13][14] Also for additions with a melting point higher than Fe, like Ti, internal dissolution can take place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17] The liquid Fe is found to solidify immediately after contacting the cold alloy, while the alloying agent (Al/Mn) heats up and melts due to its low melting temperature. [12][13][14] Also for additions with a melting point higher than Fe, like Ti, internal dissolution can take place. [15][16][17] Thereafter, Fe/alloy interdiffusion results in the formation of a reaction zone which can be partially solid and liquid depending on the local concentration and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, plenty of deoxidation products are also formed in the reaction zone. 12) Since Ti is added after Al, pure TiO x inclusions are not formed due to the low dissolved oxygen in liquid steel (~4-6 ppm). The modification of original Al 2 O 3 inclusions, however, is observed in regions of high Ti content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the inclusion formation, an inclusion free zone is observed in the inner part of the Fe shell. 12,14) Its formation is believed to be due to a local depletion of O and/or S, caused by the diffusion of the alloy element, O and/or S and deoxidation/desulphurisation reactions at the diffusion front. Besides, plenty of deoxidation products are also formed in the reaction zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Interfacial Reaction and Inclusion Formation at Early Stages of FeMnSi Addition to Liquid Fe

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfacial Reaction and Inclusion Formation at Early Stages of FeMnSi Addition to Liquid Fe

et al. 2015

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“…Van Ende et al [1,2] used HCl solution (1:1) to dissolve a steel matrix to extract its Al 2 O 3 inclusions, and observed many interesting three-dimensional Al 2 O 3 inclusion morphologies, thus deepening our understanding of Al 2 O 3 inclusion nucleation and growth processes. Unfortunately, this method cannot be used to extract alkalescent oxide or sulfide inclusions, such as CaO-containing and CaS-rich ones, since they would be destroyed during the etching process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Three-Dimensional Morphology and Inner Structure of Second-Phase Inclusions in Metals by Non-Aqueous Solution Electrolytic and Room Temperature Organic Methods

Guo

Fang

Guo

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:The secondary-phase particles in metals, particularly those composed of non-metallic materials, are often detrimental to the mechanical properties of metals; thus, it is crucial to control inclusion formation and growth. One of the challenges is determining the three-dimensional morphology and inner structures of such inclusions. In this study, a non-aqueous solution electrolytic method and a room-temperature organic technique were developed based on the principle of electrochemistry to determine the three-dimensional morphologies and inner structures of non-metallic inclusions in Al-killed steel, Si-killed steel, and ductile cast iron. The inclusions were first extracted without any damage to the inclusions, and then the collected inclusions were wrapped and cut through Cu ion deposition. The results revealed that the inclusions in Al-killed steel had an irregular morphology, that those in the Si-killed steel were mainly spherical, and that almost all the spheroidal graphite in the ductile cast iron featured a uniform globular morphology. In addition, nucleation was not observed in the inner structures of the inclusions in the Al-killed steel, while some dendritic or rod-like MnS phase precipitates appeared on the silicate inclusion surfaces, and some silicate-rich phases were detected in their inner matrix. For spheroidal graphite, rare-earth oxides (one particle or more) were observed as nuclei in the center of almost every graphite particle. The formation and evolution of inclusions in these types of metals can be better understood by means of the two developed methods.

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Assessment of Oxygen Control and Its Effect on Inclusion Characteristics during Electroslag Remelting of Die Steel

Shi

Chen

Guo

et al. 2012

steel research int.

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Deoxidation during electroslag remelting of S136 die steel was experimentally studied. The characteristics of inclusions in the electrode and ESR ingots were determined by image analyzer and SEM-EDS. The results show that the oxygen content can be reduced from 89 ppm in the electrode to the lowest (12 ppm) in the ingot only when protective Ar gas remelting in combination with specially designed slag deoxidation treatment were employed simultaneously. The proportion of the oxygen combined as oxide inclusions increases with decreasing the total oxygen content in ESR ingot. The original inclusions in the electrode are mainly large (Mn,Cr)S and the large inclusions in the form of Al 2 O 3 core surrounded by an outer sulfide layer, besides a few pure Al 2 O 3 inclusions. After ESR process, while only pure Al 2 O 3 inclusions with the size of about 1 mm were observed in ESR ingots. The large inclusions in the electrode were removed during ESR process. With higher oxygen content in the ingot, the contents of inclusions and large inclusions would be relatively higher. The results from industrial experiments have confirmed the availability of the present oxygen control technique. The mechanisms of oxygen behavior and control as well as inclusion evolution during ESR process were proposed based on experimental results along with thermodynamic analysis.

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Formation and Morphology of Al2O3 Inclusions at the Onset of Liquid Fe Deoxidation by Al Addition

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Interfacial Reaction and Inclusion Formation at Early Stages of FeMnSi Addition to Liquid Fe

Interfacial Reaction and Inclusion Formation at Early Stages of FeMnSi Addition to Liquid Fe

Determination of Three-Dimensional Morphology and Inner Structure of Second-Phase Inclusions in Metals by Non-Aqueous Solution Electrolytic and Room Temperature Organic Methods

Assessment of Oxygen Control and Its Effect on Inclusion Characteristics during Electroslag Remelting of Die Steel

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