Formation and positioning of surface-related structures in protozoa.

Aufderheide, Karl J.; Frankel, Joseph; Williams, Norman E.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.44.2.252-302.1980

Cited by 74 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…It seems highly probable that the coexistence of dorsomarginal kineties with right marginal rows is due to a common evolutionary origin. That no similar kineties develop from left marginal rows may be explained by the ventral surface having morphogenetic properties different from the dorsal surface (1,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Morphogenetic Pattern in Laurentiella acuminata (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): Its Significance for the Comprehension of Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Hypotrichous Ciliates

Martín¹,

Fedriani²,

Pérez‐Silva³

1983

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Morphogenetic events during division, physiological reorganization, and postraumatical regeneration, the last being induced both chemically and microsurgically, were studied by light microscopy on protargol‐impregnated specimens of the hypotrichous ciliate, Laurentiella acuminata. Parakinetal stomatogenesis, from transverse cirrus‐1 during division and reorganization, changes during regeneration to a parakinetal one which characterizes more primitive members of Hypotrichida in the S. O. Stichotrichina, but solely when the AZM is damaged. These morphogenetic events a) confirm the previous inclusion of L. acuminata among the Oxytrichidae on the basis of its morphological characters and indicate that it is a primitive species of this family related with the Stichotrichina through genera Pleurotricha and Paraurostyla; b) suggest a synthetic model that explains both the positioning and timing of cortical morphogenesis in the cell cycle. The key point of this model is the attribution to the AZM of a repressive capacity on the stomatogenic area, the last one being positioned according to the system of gradients of morphogenetic activity proposed by Jerka‐Dziadosz to explain location of primordia in urostylids. This repression is manifested not as a gradient, as indicated by De Terra, but as a long‐term repression limited to a certain distance. Simultaneous repression and stimulation occurring in a growing cortex with the AZM remaining constant in size could explain the critical ratio, buccal cortex/somatic cortex, at which stomatogenesis is triggered as indicated by De Terra.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Morphogenetic Pattern in Laurentiella acuminata (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): Its Significance for the Comprehension of Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Hypotrichous Ciliates

Martín¹,

Fedriani²,

Pérez‐Silva³

1983

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…The cortical patterns are species specific. Moreover, they have to be precisely reproduced during cell division: during the equatorial mode of cell division the anterior division product has to reconsti-tute posterior structures, and the posterior part anterior structures, respectively (for reviews see Aufderheide et al, 1980;Cohen and Beisson, 1988;Frankel, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Major epiplasmic proteins of ciliates are articulins: cloning, recombinant expression, and structural characterization.

Huttenlauch

Geisler

Plessmann

et al. 1995

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Abstract. The cytoskeleton of certain protists comprises an extensive membrane skeleton, the epiplasm, which contributes to the cell shape and patterning of the species-specific cortical architecture. The isolated epiplasm of the ciliated protist Pseudomicrothorax dubius consists of two major groups of proteins with molecular masses of 78-80 kD and 11-13 kD, respectively. To characterize the structure of these proteins, peptide sequences of two major polypeptides (78-80 kD) as well as a cDNA representing the entire coding sequence of a minor and hitherto unidentified component (60 kD; p60) of the epiplasm have been determined. All three polypeptides share sequence similarities. They contain repeated valine-and proline-rich motifs of 12 residues with the consensus VPVP--V-V-V-. In p60 the central core domain consists of 24 tandemly repeated VPV motifs. Within the repeat motifs positively and negatively charged residues, when present, show an alternating pattern in register with the V and P positions. Recombinant p60 was purified in 8 M urea and dialyzed against buffer. Infrared spectroscopic measurements indicate 30% B-sheet. Electron microscopy reveals short filamentous polymers with a rather homogenous diameter (~15-20 nm), but variable lengths. The small polymers form thicker filaments, ribbons, and larger sheets or tubes. A core domain similar to that of P. dubius p60 is also found in the recently described epiplasmic proteins of the flagellate Euglena, the so-called articulins.Our results show that the members of this protein family are not restricted to flagellates, but are also present in the distantly related ciliates where they are major constituents of the epiplasm. Comparison of flagellate and ciliate articulins highlights common features of this novel family of cytoskeletal proteins.T HE membrane skeleton of eukaryotic cells is part of the cytoskeleton. It is involved in the organization and maintenance of cell shape and functions in the generation and stabilization of specialized membrane domains. This submembraneous organization is usually dictated by micro filamentous structures containing actin and a variety of actin-binding proteins. Particularly well-analyzed examples are, for instance, the membrane skeletons of vertebrate red blood cells (for review see Bennett, 1990) and the intestinal brush border cells of various vertebrates (for review see Louvard, 1989). An actin-based subplasma membrane organization occurs not only in metazoan cells, but is also typical for some protists such as Dictyostelium and Physarum (for reviews see Schleicher and Noegel, 1992;Stockem and Brix, 1994).In contrast, other protists possess a unique cortical cytoplasm: the epiplasm. The epiplasm is always in close conAddress all correspondence to Irm Huttenlauch,

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“…cium tetraurelia, display a highly evolved and redundant exocytotic apparatus with an incomparable degree of regularity and with the unique situation that exocytosis is arrested just before the very last steps of this complex process (c .f. 2,9,21,37) . These special features of the present system greatly facilitate the analysis of questions such as whether microtubules and/or microfilaments could be (directly or indirectly) involved in the determination of the sites of exocytosis .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeleton-secretory vesicle interactions during the docking of secretory vesicles at the cell membrane in Paramecium tetraurelia cells.

Plattner¹,

Westphal²,

Tiggemann³

1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Stationary-phase cells of Paramecium tetraurelia have most of their many secretory vesicles ("trichocysts") attached to the cell surface. Log-phase cells contain numerous unoccuFiied potential docking sites for trichocysts and many free trichocysts in the cytoplasm. To study the possible involvement of cytoskeletal elements, notably of microtubules, in the process of positioning of trichocysts at the cell surface, we took advantage of these stages . Cells were stained with tannic acid and subsequently analyzed by electron microscopy . Semithin sections allowed the determination of structural connections over a range of up to 10

show abstract

Formation and positioning of surface-related structures in protozoa.

Cited by 74 publications

References 116 publications

Morphogenetic Pattern in Laurentiella acuminata (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): Its Significance for the Comprehension of Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Hypotrichous Ciliates

Morphogenetic Pattern in Laurentiella acuminata (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): Its Significance for the Comprehension of Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Hypotrichous Ciliates

Major epiplasmic proteins of ciliates are articulins: cloning, recombinant expression, and structural characterization.

Cytoskeleton-secretory vesicle interactions during the docking of secretory vesicles at the cell membrane in Paramecium tetraurelia cells.

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