Formation and properties of juvenile wood in southern pines: a synopsis

Larson, Philip R.; Kretschmann, David E.; Clark, Alexander; Isebrands, J. G.

doi:10.2737/fpl-gtr-129

Cited by 177 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…it reminded the macrostructure of mature wood, formed at later stages of development. Theses contradicting that proposed by Paul were presented by many authors (DiLucca 1989;Larson et al 2001;MacDonald, Hubert 2002;Koubaa et al 2005), arguing that slow growth in youth does not eliminate the presence of juvenile wood, but limits the width of its zone. Both narrow and wide rings of the juvenile zone retain their character in comparison with narrow or wide rings of mature wood.…”

Section: Concepts For the Formation Of Juvenile And Mature Woodmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…That author was of an opinion that it is easier to identify the juvenile wood zone in deciduous trees, in which vessels of juvenile wood at the crosssection of stems are smaller and arranged differently from mature wood. Moreover, juvenile wood formed in the apical part of trees shows differences in macro-and microstructure in relation to the same type of wood found in the butt end (Larson et al 2001;Burdon et al 2004a,b;Tomczak et al 2008). Many researchers (Clark, Saucier 1989;Pazdrowski, Spława-Nayman 2003;Pazdrowski 2004;Giefing et al 2005;Pazdrowski et al 2005;Alteryac et al 2006;Tomczak et al 2007aTomczak et al ,b, 2008) also specify transition wood exhibiting intermediate (transition) traits between juvenile and mature wood.…”

Section: Concepts For the Formation Of Juvenile And Mature Woodmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many researchers (Clark, Saucier 1989;Pazdrowski, Spława-Nayman 2003;Pazdrowski 2004;Giefing et al 2005;Pazdrowski et al 2005;Alteryac et al 2006;Tomczak et al 2007aTomczak et al ,b, 2008) also specify transition wood exhibiting intermediate (transition) traits between juvenile and mature wood. In the opinion of Larson et al (2001), the term transition wood refers to annual rings produced after the period of juvenile wood formation, but before the deposition of rings having the structure and properties of mature wood. Juvenile wood took its name from the physiological age of cambium forming it within the assimilatory and transpiration organs (Zobel et al 1959;Shivnaraine, Smith 1989).…”

Section: Concepts For the Formation Of Juvenile And Mature Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood

Nawrot¹,

Pazdrowski²,

Walkowiak³

et al. 2014

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:We conducted to describe methods used to differentiate the zones of juvenile and mature wood in stems of coniferous species and to present the importance of good identification of the shares of both types of wood to ensure a rational use of the raw material and final quality of wood products. This study describes in more detail a novel method to separate the juvenile and mature wood tissue in stems of European larch using cluster analysis in the form of the k-means algorithm. Moreover, guidelines were also shortly described for forest management which could result in a reduction of the share of juvenile wood in stems of forest trees.

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Section: Concepts For the Formation Of Juvenile And Mature Woodmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Concepts For the Formation Of Juvenile And Mature Woodmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Concepts For the Formation Of Juvenile And Mature Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood

Nawrot¹,

Pazdrowski²,

Walkowiak³

et al. 2014

J. For. Sci.

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“…Significant differences among sites for wood density properties are reported for many species (Zobel and Sprague 1998, Larson et al 2001, Jokela et al 2004, Gundogan et al 2005. The ponderosa's pine plantation area in the Patagonian region is characterized by a strong west-east precipitation gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variation of basic wood density in Pinus ponderosa plus trees

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYPhenotypic selection generally reduces the variability of both the selected trait and other associated characteristics. Some species show a negative strong relationship between growth traits and wood density. In the present study, basic wood density was assessed in a group of 23 control trees and 25 Pinus ponderosa plus trees, selected for growth and form traits in the Argentine Patagonia region. Trees were sampled in four different sites from the environmental and silvicultural point of view. We aim to study if the phenotypic variation in wood density is somehow influenced by the selection for productivity and form. The average wood density of plus trees was 0.37 g cm -3 , ranging from 0.29 to 0.46 g cm -3 . These values were not significantly different to control trees and were similar to those previously found in P. ponderosa plantations growing in the region. Wood density of the improved population, represented by plus trees did not differ from that of base population from which plus trees were selected. Significant differences were found in wood basic density among sites and age-classes. The phenotypic variation of the increment of wood density from pith to bark and among trees was different from zero. Not significant association was found between wood basic density and growth and form traits, except for stem straightness. It would be possible to identify high wood density trees at half of the rotation age.Key words: specific wood density, repeated measurements, genetic breeding, Patagonian, Argentine. RESUMENLa selección fenotípica generalmente reduce la variabilidad de los caracteres seleccionados y la de los caracteres asociados. Algunas especies muestran asociación negativa entre crecimiento y densidad de la madera. En este estudio, se evaluó la densidad básica de la madera en un grupo de 23 árboles control y 25 árboles plus de Pinus ponderosa seleccionados por criterios de crecimiento y forma en la región norpatagónica de Argentina. Las muestras provinieron de cuatro sitios con diferente clima y silvicultura. El objetivo fue determinar si la variación fenotípica de la densidad de la madera pudo haber sido afectada por la selección para productividad y forma. La densidad media de la madera de los arboles plus fue de 0,37 g cm -3 , variando desde 0,29 hasta 0,46 g cm -3 . Estos valores no fueron significativamente diferentes a los registrados en los árboles control y similares a los previamente registrados para P. ponderosa creciendo en la región. La densidad de la madera de la población de mejora (árboles plus) no difirió de la población base donde fue seleccionada. Diferencias significativas para la densidad de la madera se pudieron establecer entre sitios y clases de edad. El incremento de la densidad desde la médula hacia la corteza y la variación fenotípica entre árboles fue significativamente diferente de cero. La densidad no se encontró asociada a las características de crecimiento y forma, por las cuales los árboles plus fueron seleccionados, excepto con la rectitud de fuste. Sería posible...

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“…La disminución radial en el valor del AMF también fue señalada por otros autores (Megraw 1985, Bendtsen y Senft 1986, Donaldson 1992, Walker y Butterfield, 1995, Huang et al 1998, Saranpää et al 1998, Herman et al 1999, Yamashita et al 2000, Larson et al 2001, Jones et al 2005, Zhang et al 2007, Winck et al 2013, asociando claramente valores más elevados de ángulo microfibrilar a la presencia de madera juvenil cercana a la médula.…”

Section: áNgulo Microfibrilarunclassified

Efecto del raleo sobre las propiedades anatómicas de la madera de Pinus taeda

Winck¹,

Fassola²,

Área

2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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RESUMENEl raleo tiene implicancias económicas y técnicas para producción forestal y para la actividad industrial. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de la intensidad de raleo sobre las propiedades anatómicas de la madera. Se trabajó con muestras tomadas a 1,30 m de altura, de 24 árboles proveniente de un ensayo de raleo en Pinus taeda de 20 años de edad, intervenido a los 3 años, con remoción del 0%, 50%, 75% y 87,5% de las plantas de la densidad inicial de plantación (1960 árboles/ ha). Se midieron diámetro a la altura de pecho, altura total, diámetro en la base de la copa viva y altura a la base de la copa viva, longitud de traqueidas, espesor de pared celular y ángulo microfibrilar. La longitud de traqueidas fue mayor en el tratamiento con 87,5% de raleo. Los tratamientos con 0% y 50% de raleo favorecieron la obtención de mayores valores de espesor de pared y menores valores de ángulo microfibrilar. Se concluyó que esta práctica silvícola altera a las propiedades anatómicas de la madera de Pinus taeda y que la longitud de traqueidas está fuertemente relacionada con el tamaño del árbol y con la longitud de la copa verde.Palabras clave: Ángulo microfibrilar, espesor de pared celular, intensidad de raleo, longitud de traqueidas. ABSTRACTThinning has technical and economic implications for both, forest production and industrial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thinning intensity on the anatomical properties of pine wood. Samples were taken at 1.30 m height, from 24 Pinus taeda trees of 20 years old, coming from a thinning treatment. The plantation was intervened at 3 years, with removal of 0%, 50%, 75% and 87,5% of the trees from the initial density (1960 trees/ha). The evaluated variables were: diameter at breast height, total height, diameter on the base of the live crown, height at base of live crown, tracheid length, cell wall thickness and microfibril angle. The tracheid length was higher in 87.5% thinning treatment. Treatments with 0 % and 50% thinning have favored the obtaining of higher values of cell wall thickness and lower values of microfibril angle. Results suggest that this silvicultural practice alters the anatomical properties of Pinus taeda wood and that tracheid length is strongly related to tree size and length of live crown.

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Formation and properties of juvenile wood in southern pines: a synopsis

Cited by 177 publications

References 33 publications

Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood

Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood

Phenotypic variation of basic wood density in Pinus ponderosa plus trees

Efecto del raleo sobre las propiedades anatómicas de la madera de Pinus taeda

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