Formation and Properties of Poly(Ionic Liquid)–Carbene Nanogels Containing Individually Stabilized Silver Species

Abstract

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have the ability to undergo a variety of chemical reactions through an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) intermediate, which has expanded the chemical toolbox for new applications. Despite their uses and exploration, the carbene-forming properties and applications of their polymeric congeners, poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), is still underdeveloped. Herein, we explore the NHC-forming properties of a theophylline-derived PIL for nanogel synthesis. Using silver oxide as both the carbene-forming reagent and cross-linker, nanogels containing individually stabilized ions can be created with different sizes and morphology, including large "galaxy-like" superstructures. Using high-resolution TEM techniques, we directly observed the sub-nanometer structure of these constructs. These features combined exemplify the unique chemistry of poly-NHCs for single-metal-ion-stabilization nanogel design.

Eco-Fabrication of Gradient Porous Membranes with Uniform Carbene-Stabilized Silver Species for Pollutant Integrated Treatment

“…34,50−52 The resulting formation of the Ag-NHC bond was attributed to the strong σ-donor character of the NHC lone pair with some back bonding contribution from the silver atom. 46 These Ag-NHC complexes within the cross-linked polymer could further aggregate. Moreover, silver ions in the solution could be adsorbed by PIL and condensed onto the surface of the Ag nanoparticles.…”

“…The cellulose-PIL membranes prepared using the cellulose graft copolymers celluloseA-g-PAA 33 , celluloseA-g-PAA 14 , and celluloseB-g-PAA 18 were named C1, C2, and C3, respectively, in the following context. Subsequently, leveraging the exceptional stabilizing capabilities of PIL and NHC on metal nanoparticles, 46,49 a series of structurally stable Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by simply stirring various molar ratios of Ag 2 O with PCMVImTFSI, followed by filtering the reaction solution. Following the previous membrane fabrication steps, a kind of cellulose-poly(ionic liquid)-based membrane containing uniformly distributed silver species, including Ag(I)-NHC and Ag(0) NPs, was prepared (denoted as the Ag@ Cellulose-PIL membrane).…”

“…The porous structure and adjustable charge density facilitate pollutant enrichment and mass transfer within the membrane. In addition, we further employ Ag 2 O as both a silver precursor and a base for deprotonating the imidazolium moiety to form Ag-NHC complexes, 46 which further grow into size controllable Ag nanoparticles uniformly distributed throughout the membrane. The particle size of these Ag nanoparticles can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the ratios of Ag 2 O and PIL.…”

Planet–Satellite Nanostructures Based on Block Copolymer‐Surfactant Nanoparticles Surface‐Decorated with Gold and Silver: A New Strategy for Interfacial Catalysis

“…In the last few years, an expressive number of reports dealing with polymer‐metal NP hybrid nanostructures have reached the literature in the field of catalysis and important contributions were found in a variety of catalyzed chemical reactions . The present metal–polymer–surfactant conjugates represent a relevant example of using nanotechnology tools by combining advantageous properties of an assembly structure to those of functional materials such as the metal NP catalysts.…”

Photopolymerization of Ionic Liquids – A Mutually Beneficial Approach for Materials Fabrication

“…While mostly imagined as solvents and/or electrolytes, [17,18] their use as a monomer is more recent. A variety of polyelectrolytes or "poly-ionic liquids" (PILs) have been synthesized from IL precursors and used as ion conductors, [19][20][21][22] binders, [23][24][25][26] metal stabilizers, [27,28] among others. [29] Their preparation is typical of other free-radical polymerizations and can be controlled to create block-copolymers, [30,31] dendrimers/branched poly-mers, [32,33] and others.…”