Formation and regeneration of the urothelium

Yamany, Tammer; Batavia, Jason P. Van; Mendelsohn, Cathy

doi:10.1097/mot.0000000000000084

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Urothelial cells are believed to arise from basal cells that can divide and differentiate into different urothelial cell types such as intermediate, superficial and umbrella cells 20 . The exact mechanism through which the basal cells repopulate the ablated region and subsequent replenishment of all layers of the urothelium is not clearly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Porcine Ureter Retains Lumen Wall Integrity but Not Patency Following Catheter-Directed Irreversible Electroporation: Imaging and Histologic Assessment over 28 Days

Srimathveeravalli

Cornelis

Wimmer

et al. 2017

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

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Purpose To evaluate the effect of catheter-directed irreversible electroporation (IRE) on the integrity, patency and function of the normal porcine ureter. Materials and Methods A catheter-mounted electrode was used to perform fluoroscopy-guided IRE in 8 healthy pigs. Two unilateral ablations (90 pulses at 2000 V, 100 μs) were performed in each animal in the proximal and distal ureter. Serum creatinine measurements and contrast-enhanced CT imaging was performed at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-IRE, and findings were compared to baseline values with the Student’s t-test. Two animals were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post-IRE for histological assessment of treatment effects. Quantitative histology of regeneration and healing of the ureteral wall was graded using a five-point scale. Results IRE was successfully performed in all animals. Preservation of ureteral wall integrity was confirmed by the leakage free passage of contrast in the treated ureter of all animals through the observation period. Ureteral strictures and associated renal pelvicalyceal dilation were observed in all animals by study day 7 (p=0.005) and 14 (p=0.007), which did not resolve by day 28. Urothelial recovery was observed in tissue samples from day 7, with progressive replacement of the tunica muscularis with granulation tissue. Despite extensive scarring of the tunica muscularis, full recovery of the urothelium was observed by day 28. Conclusions The normal porcine ureter retains lumen wall integrity and function following catheter-directed IRE. Scarring of the tunica muscularis in the treated ureter results in stricture formation and reduction of lumen patency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Porcine Ureter Retains Lumen Wall Integrity but Not Patency Following Catheter-Directed Irreversible Electroporation: Imaging and Histologic Assessment over 28 Days

Srimathveeravalli

Cornelis

Wimmer

et al. 2017

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

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“…The urothelium is a transitional epithelium [14] and has common *Corresponding author: Magdalena Fossum, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Section of Urology, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Tel: 08-517 764 08; Fax: +46 8 517 708 83; E-mail: magdalena.fossum@ki.se characteristics with other epithelia, such as skin, cornea and intestine. Common features in all of these epithelial cells include that they; 1) adhere to one another via cell junctions, 2) exhibit morphologic polarity, 3) contain a basal surface with regenerative cells that are attached to an underlying basement membrane [15], and finally 4) work as a barrier to protect the internal organs from harmful substances.…”

Section: Urinary Bladder Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Bladder Wound Healing after Mechanical Injury

Larsson¹,

Chamorro²

2016

J Tissue Sci Eng

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Congenital defects of the urinary bladder that requires surgical intervention with mechanical wounding are common situations among pediatric urology patients. In conditions with severe lack of tissue, regenerative medicine with autologous cells has become a field of interest for future cure. In both situations, normal bladder wound healing is of major importance for an uneventful healing process and for the final results. Much effort has been put into increasing our understanding in the area of urinary bladder wound healing. Several methods have been used in different studies, all representing different clinical settings to address the issue of normal healing. However, little is known about the differences between these different wound-healing models. In this review, we aimed at summarizing what is known about the process of bladder wound healing after mechanical injury. We present the most commonly used methods in this area; describe the process of healing and the current knowledge on involved signaling transduction factors.

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“…K5 positive cells have been identified in both luminal and basal epithelium of the normal breast and K5 has been implicated as a stem cell marker [10, 11]. A recent study has highlighted that K5 expressing basal cells in the healthy and regenerating urothelium are self-renewing and unipotent [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratin 5 overexpression is associated with serous ovarian cancer recurrence and chemotherapy resistance

et al. 2017

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This study investigated the clinical significance of keratin 5 and 6 expression in serous ovarian cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. KRT5 and KRT6 (KRT6A, KRT6B & KRT6C) gene expression was assessed in publically available serous ovarian cancer data sets, ovarian cancer cell lines and primary serous ovarian cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies which detect both K5/6 or only K5 were used to assess protein expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and a cohort of high grade serous ovarian carcinomas at surgery (n = 117) and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 21). Survival analyses showed that high KRT5 mRNA in stage III/IV serous ovarian cancers was significantly associated with reduced progression-free (HR 1.38, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (HR 1.28, P = 0.013) whilst high KRT6 mRNA was only associated with reduced progression-free survival (HR 1.2, P = 0.031). Both high K5/6 (≥ 10%, HR 1.78 95% CI; 1.03−2.65, P = 0.017) and high K5 (≥ 10%, HR 1.90, 95% CI; 1.12−3.19, P = 0.017) were associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence. KRT5 but not KRT6C mRNA expression was increased in chemotherapy resistant primary serous ovarian cancer cells compared to chemotherapy sensitive cells. The proportion of serous ovarian carcinomas with high K5/6 or high K5 immunostaining was significantly increased following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. K5 can be used to predict serous ovarian cancer prognosis and identify cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Developing strategies to target K5 may therefore improve serous ovarian cancer survival.

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Formation and regeneration of the urothelium

Abstract: These findings could have important implications for our understanding of cancer tumorigenesis and could move the fields of regeneration and reconstruction forward.

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

Normal Porcine Ureter Retains Lumen Wall Integrity but Not Patency Following Catheter-Directed Irreversible Electroporation: Imaging and Histologic Assessment over 28 Days

Normal Porcine Ureter Retains Lumen Wall Integrity but Not Patency Following Catheter-Directed Irreversible Electroporation: Imaging and Histologic Assessment over 28 Days

A Review on Bladder Wound Healing after Mechanical Injury

Keratin 5 overexpression is associated with serous ovarian cancer recurrence and chemotherapy resistance

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