Formation and thermodynamic stability of a novel class of useful materials: Close-packed monolayers of submicron monodisperse spheres just below a polymer surface

Kovacs, G. J.; Vincett, P. S.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(82)90302-2

Cited by 94 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some research groups have used scanning probe microscopy [58,65], X-ray reflectivity [60,61] and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [63] to study the embedding of metal NPs in polymers. Some studies highlighted a complete embedding of the metal NPs in the polymeric layers [55,56,61,62], while others analyses highlighted only partial embedding [58]. Such a difference is related to the dependence of the embedding process on the polymer chain mobility: so, partial or no embedding can be expected at temperatures below the polymer glass-transition temperature Tg, while NP complete embedding is observed at temperatures higher than Tg [62].…”

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, the Gibbs free energy minimization of the system is the driving force for embedding of metal-NPs in polymers. In particular, the surface Gibbs free energy is effectively reduced by NPs embedding if γm > γp + γMP being γm the metal surface tension, γp the polymer surface tension, and γmp the metal-polymer interfacial tension [55,56]. This condition is, usually, fulfilled for metal NPs on a polymer given the fact that metals have surface energies two orders of magnitude higher than the polymers.…”

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metal NPs' embedding process into the polymer layer can be understood on the basis of surface free energy considerations: the Gibbs free energy of a metal NP inside a polymer is lower than that of the NP at the polymer surface [55,56]. So, the Gibbs free energy minimization of the system is the driving force for embedding of metal-NPs in polymers.…”

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method, alternative to metals and polymers co-deposition processes, to produce polymer-metal nanocomposite films is based on the embedding phenomenon of metal NPs deposited on the polymers surface [27,30,31,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. For example, in fact, first the polymer can be spin-coated on a substrate and the thickness of the polymer layer can be controlled by the process parameters (rpm, etc.…”

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

Torrisi

Ruffino

2015

Coatings

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Abstract:In this review, we discuss the basic concepts related to (co-)evaporation and (co)sputtering based fabrication methods and the electrical properties of polymer-metal nanocomposite films. Within the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites research framework, the field related to metal-polymer nanocomposites is attracting much interest. In fact, it is opening pathways for engineering flexible composites that exhibit advantageous electrical, optical, or mechanical properties. The metal-polymer nanocomposites research field is, now, a wide, complex, and important part of the nanotechnology revolution. So, with this review we aim, starting from the discussion of specific cases, to focus our attention on the basic microscopic mechanisms and processes and the general concepts suitable for the interpretation of material properties and structure-property correlations. The review aims, in addition, to provide a comprehensive schematization of the main technological applications currently in development worldwide.

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Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Films With Embedded Metal Nanoparticles Exploiting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

Torrisi

Ruffino

2015

Coatings

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“…The oxidation of islands causes an irreversible increase in electrical resistance [2]. An interesting sub-surface particulate structure formation was reported when certain inorganic materials are deposited on to softened polymer substrates [3][4][5][6] and the morphology and formation of such structures depend on thermodynamic as well as deposition parameters [6,5]. The use of softened polymer substrats provides the unique possibility of easily controlling the viscosity of the substrate to form a subsurface discontinuous silver particulate films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Particulate Films on Compatible Softened Polymer Composites

Parashar¹

2013

Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context - Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and Microca

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Chemistry, diffusion and cluster formation at metal-polymer interfaces

Strunskus¹,

Kiene²,

Willecke³

et al. 1998

Materials and Corrosion

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This paper shows how structure and formation of metal‐polymer interfaces depend strongly on the preparation process and the interfacial chemistry. Emphasis is placed on results obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), radiotracer measurements and computer simulations on the early stages of interface formation during noble‐metal deposition onto fully cured polymers. Noble metal atoms deposited onto polymers diffuse on and inside the polymer and tend to agglomerate to clusters. XPS results show that no significant diffusion occurs from larger clusters and is therefore also not expected from a continuous metal film. Thus the extent of diffusion into the polymer appears to be determined only by the initial stage of the deposition process and increases strongly at low deposition rates and elevated temperatures, where a large fraction of isolated metal atoms is able to diffuse into the polymer before being trapped by other atoms at or near the surface. Our results point to a strong interplay between chemical interaction, diffusion and agglomeration.

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Formation and thermodynamic stability of a novel class of useful materials: Close-packed monolayers of submicron monodisperse spheres just below a polymer surface

Cited by 94 publications

References 19 publications

Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

Silver Particulate Films on Compatible Softened Polymer Composites

Chemistry, diffusion and cluster formation at metal-polymer interfaces

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