Formation and transfer of fatty acids in an enclosed marine food chain comprising phytoplankton, zooplankton and herring (Clupea harengus L.) larvae

Fraser, Angus J.; Sargent, J. R.; Gamble, J. C.; Seaton, Duncan D.

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(89)90024-8

Cited by 147 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Ž 1995 , the short-chain saturated and monorpoly-. unsaturated compounds are commonly related to a Ž marine source e.g., Kates and Volcani, 1966;Ackman et al, 1968;Harrington et al, 1970;Pohl and Zurheide, 1979;Falk-Petersen et al, 1987;Fraser et . al., 1989;Volkman, 1989;Fahl and Kattner, 1993 .…”

Section: Biomarkers As Organic-carbon Source and Environmental Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

1999

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In order to examine the variation in marine and terrigenous sources of the organic matter during the last 15,000 Cal. yr Ž BP, hydrogen index values, CrN ratios, and specific biomolecules short-and long-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, . sterols, alkenones, and pigments were determined in three sediment cores from the Laptev Sea continental margin. The results show that the interpretation of the biomarker data is much more complicated and less definitive in comparison to similar data sets from low-latitude open-ocean environments. This is mainly caused by the complexity of the Arctic Ocean system, which is characterized by a high seasonality of sea-ice cover and primary productivity, sea-ice sediment transport Ž . and a high fluvial supply of freshwater aquatic organic matter. A combination of organic geochemical, organic petrographic and micropaleontological data may yield to a more precise identification of organic-carbon sources for these Ž . complex systems. On the Laptev Sea shelf cores KD9502-14 and PS2725-5 , terrigenous organic-carbon input controlled by river discharge seems to be predominant during the last about 10,000 Cal. yr BP. Maximum supply of terrigenous organic Ž . carbon was reached in the Early Holocene i.e., about 9000-10,000 Cal. yr BP . Further offshore at the upper continental Ž . slope core PS2458-4 , a major change in organic-composition occurred near 10,000 Cal. yr BP. During this period hydrogen indices as well as the amounts of short-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, dinosterol and brassicasterol significantly increased, indicating increased relative proportions of marine organic matter preserved in the later time interval. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Section: Biomarkers As Organic-carbon Source and Environmental Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific fatty acid compositions have been described Ž for marine diatoms, different ice algae Kates and . Volcani, 1966;Kattner, 1993 , marine Ž Dinophyceae Mayzand et al, 1976;Fraser et al, . 1989;Ahlgren et al, 1992 , as well as Haptophyceae Ž .…”

Section: Biomarkers As Organic-carbon Source and Environmental Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

1999

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“…In pelagic ecosystems, the quantity and quality of particulate material is highly variable both temporally and spatially (Jeffries 1970, Kattner et al 1983, Parrish 1987, Frazer et al 1989, Mayzaud et al 1989, Pond et al 1993) and this variability in the nutritional environment is thought to be a significant factor controlling secondary production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Pond¹,

Harris²,

Head³

et al. 1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

201

180

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Fecundity of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus was monitored at a coastal station in the western English Channel during January to September 1994 and varied seasonally from 3 to 33 eggs female-' d-l (mean 17 eggs female-' d-'). Particulate fatty acid levels, particularly in the <20 pm size fraction, were more highly correlated with fecundity than either chl a, particulate carbon or nitrogen. and this reflected the size and species composition of the microplankton. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates all sustained high fecundity. The mean volume of eggs produced by C. helgolandicus was inversely related to both food availability and fecundity, with increased numbers of smaller eggs produced during per~ods of high food availability. Female C helgolandicus with the highest body nitrogen and carbon produced eggs with the highest carbon and nltrogen contents, although these eggs were also smaller. Hatching viability was consistently high with a seasonal mean of 83% and both viability and the incidence of deformed nauplii were negatively correlated with the carbon and nitrogen content of females and eggs. Hatching viability was not correlated with the abundance of diatoms, but was closely correlated with the levels of 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6) fatty acids in both the environment and in the eggs. Particulate concentrations of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), although abundant in the environment and therefore good indicators of food availability, were not correlated with either egg viability or naupliar survival. The levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the eggs were important factors determining naupliar survival under starvation conditions. Although food availability limited fecundity, female recruitment was possibly limited by predation pressure. particularly during the late summer. This study highlights the value of seasonal and nutritional based studies in understanding variability in zooplankton fecundity.

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“…Classic studies by Gatten et al (1983) and Fraser et al (1989) showed the diet of larval herring could be inferred by comparing their fatty acid profile to that of phytoplankton (which they consumed during the first month post-hatch) and zooplankton (which they consumed in the second and third months post-hatch). In general, omnivorous or carnivorous copepods accumulate triacylglycerols instead of wax esters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Daphnia fatty acid composition reflects that of their diet

Brett¹,

Müller-Navarra²,

Ballantyne³

et al. 2006

Limnol. Oceanogr.

235

209

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We conducted a series of experiments feeding Daphnia pulex nine different phytoplankton monocultures with widely varying fatty acid composition and nutritional values to test the extent to which Daphnia fatty acid composition was affected by diet. In general, Daphnia fatty acid composition matched that of their diet much more closely than it did the fatty acid composition of Daphnia consuming other diets. However, Daphnia had consistently less saturated fatty acids and more arachidonic acid than did their diet, and Daphnia consuming cyanobacteria had substantially less saturated fatty acids and more monounsaturated fatty acids than their diets. Daphnia that consumed cryptophytes, which are rich in v3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), had on average 47% 6 8% (61 SD) v3 PUFAs within their fatty acid pool, whereas Daphnia that consumed v3 PUFA-poor cyanophytes only had 6% 6 3% v3 PUFAs. The ratio of v3 to v6 fatty acids in Daphnia was also strongly dependent on diet, and averaged < 10 : 1, 2 : 1, and 1 : 1 for Daphnia that consumed cryptophytes, chlorophytes, and cyanophytes, respectively. Furthermore, the sum of C 20 and C 22 v3 and v6 fatty acids in Daphnia was highly correlated with that of their diet (r 2 5 0.94). These results suggest analyses of Daphnia fatty acid composition may be a powerful means of inferring diet in the field. These results also suggest the nutritional benefits of consuming v3-rich phytoplankton will transfer up the food web, making zooplankton both more efficient at converting phytoplankton biomass to their own biomass as well as much more nutritious for the zooplanktivorous fish that consume them.

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Formation and transfer of fatty acids in an enclosed marine food chain comprising phytoplankton, zooplankton and herring (Clupea harengus L.) larvae

Cited by 147 publications

References 47 publications

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Daphnia fatty acid composition reflects that of their diet

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